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Table 3 Pooled prevalence of mental health disorders, respiratory impairment, musculoskeletal impairment, hearing impairment, visual impairment, and neurological impairment, stratified by study characteristics

From: Tuberculosis related disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Categories

Respiratory impairment

 

Mental health disorders

 

Hearing impairment

 

Neurological impairment

 

Visual impairment

 

Musculoskeletal impairment

Number of studies

Prevalence of disabilities

 

Number of studies

Prevalence (%)

 

Number of studies

Prevalence of disabilities

 

Number of studies

Prevalence of disabilities

 

Number of studies

Prevalence of disabilities

 

Number of studies

Prevalence of disabilities

Overall

43

20.7

 

41

23.1

 

27

14.5

 

33

1.6

 

9

9.8

 

9

17.1

Countries income level

                 

 High-income

9

14.9

 

3

4.3

 

1

59.1

 

9

1.3

 

3

11.1

 

1

2.5

 Upper middle-income

12

15.3

 

14

30.6

 

11

27.4

 

8

15.9

 

2

3.1

 

4

32.5

 Lower middle-income

19

56.1

 

18

31.3

 

11

11.0

 

13

25.6

 

4

10.7

 

4

4.7

 Low-income

3

61.2

 

6

42.0

 

4

5.0

 

3

5.9

 

-

-

 

-

-

Type of TB

                 

 Drug susceptible

24

33.1

 

24

21.9

 

2

2.3

 

17

12.5

 

4

11.9

 

8

20.2

 Drug resistant

7

58.7

 

7

26.0

 

20

15.0

 

6

4.6

 

3

2.7

 

-

-

 Drug susceptible and drug resistant (no injectable)

-

-

 

-

-

 

1

2.6

 

3

28.5

 

1

6.5

 

-

-

 Drug susceptible and drug resistant (injectable)

4

33.1

 

6

20.7

 

3

25.0

 

5

37.2

 

-

-

 

1

2.5

Study design

                 

 Cohort

28

18.1

 

15

23.2

 

24

14.5

 

28

1.5

 

9

9.8

 

8

23.0

 Cross-sectional

10

54.5

 

22

33.3

 

3

13.6

 

4

6.8

 

-

-

 

1

2.7

 Case control

5

47.9

 

4

05.0

 

-

-

 

1

30.5

 

-

-

 

-

-

HIV (%)

                 

 < 1

5

14.7

 

5

4.9

 

3

2.7

 

5

9.0

 

1

1.1

 

3

21.2

 1–50

9

51.8

 

12

31.5

 

10

12.5

 

11

8.2

 

3

3.3

 

1

38.2

 51–100

3

38.9

 

6

30.0

 

3

22.5

 

12

65.1

 

.

-

 

-

-

 Not recorded

26

18.8

 

18

38.5

 

11

26.4

 

16

1.3

 

5

11.5

 

5

12.8

Timing of disability diagnosis

                 

 Before TB treatment

9

17.6

 

1

64.2

 

-

-

 

6

8.9

 

1

75.0

 

1

36.9

 During TB treatment

6

61.0

 

35

22.0

 

22

14.7

 

11

1.23

 

4

3.0

 

6

12.4

 After TB treatment

27

19.3

 

2

19.8

 

4

14.1

 

14

40.9

 

4

11.1

 

2

4.0

 Not recorded

1

63.2

 

3

44.7

 

1

4.3

 

2

5.7

 

-

-

 

-

-

  1. Dash line (-) indicates that there was no available study for the sub-group analysis