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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics (upon admission)

From: Predicting the risk of mortality during hospitalization in sick severely malnourished children using daily evaluation of key clinical warning signs

 

Total SAM patients

Discharged

Died

P

(n=780)

(n=653)

(n=127)

Study related characteristics

Hospital stay (days), median (IQR)

8.0 (6.0, 11.0)

8 (6.0, 12.0)

5 (3.0, 9.0)

<0.001

Study site, n (%)

 Coast Provincial General Hospital

290 (37.2)

250 (38.3)

40 (31.5)

 

 Kilifi County Hospital

179 (22.9)

156 (23.9)

23 (18.1)

 

 Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital

311 (39.9)

247 (37.8)

64 (50.4)

0.03

Treatment arm of trial, n (%)

390 (50.0)

322 (49.3)

68 (53.5)

0.38

Demographic and anthropometric characteristics

Age in months, median (IQR)

16.9 (10.8, 26.5)

17.1 (11.0, 26.3)

15.7 (10.1, 26.8)

0.45

 Age 6-59 months, n (%)

738 (94.6)

615 (94.2)

123 (96.9)

0.22

Male, n (%)

420 (53.8)

357 (54.7)

63 (49.6)

0.3

MUAC in cm (non-edematous), median (IQR)

n=534; 11.0 (10.4, 11.5)

n=454; 11.0 (10.5, 11.6)

n=80; 10.5 (9.5, 11.0)

<0.001

MUAC in cm, median (IQR)

11.2 (10.5, 12.0)

11.2 (10.5, 12.0)

10.8 (9.8, 11.4)

<0.001

MUAC<10.5cm, n (%)

192 (24.6)

141 (21.6)

51 (40.2)

<0.001

HAZ, median (IQR)

n=776; -3.0 (-4.3, -1.9)

n=124; -3.4 (-4.6, -2.0)

n=652; -2.9 (-4.2, -1.8)

0.067

WAZ, median (IQR)

n=778; -3.9 (-4.9, -3.1)

n=651; -3.9 (-4.8, -3.0)

-4.5 (-5.4, -3.6)

<0.001

WHZ, median (IQR)

n=737; -3.5 (-4.2, -2.7)

n=617; -3.4 (-4.1, -2.6)

n=120; -3.9 (-4.7, -3.0)

<0.001

Comorbidities (observed upon admission only)

HIV status, n (%)

 HIV-

571 (73.2)

507 (77.6)

64 (50.4)

 

 HIV+/exposed

169 (21.7)

122 (18.7)

47 (37.0)

 

 Refused testing/died before testing

40 (5.1)

24 (3.7)

16 (12.6)

<0.001

Cerebral palsy, n (%)

116 (14.9)

99 (15.2)

17 (13.4)

0.61

Severe pneumonia, n (%)

193 (24.7)

153 (23.4)

40 (31.5)

0.054

Severe anemia, n (%)

26 (3.3)

22 (3.4)

4 (3.1)

0.9

Malaria, n (%)

63 (8.1)

57 (8.7)

6 (4.7)

0.13

Prevalence at admission of clinical signs observed daily

Chest indrawing, n (%)

144 (18.5)

105 (16.1)

39 (30.7)

<0.001

Convulsions, n (%)

37 (4.7)

30 (4.6)

7 (5.5)

0.66

Diarrhea, n (%)

328 (42.1)

267 (40.9)

61 (48.0)

0.14

Fever, n (%)

216 (27.7)

180 (27.6)

36 (28.3)

0.86

Symptomatic hypoglycemia, n (%)

13 (1.7)

6 (0.9)

7 (5.5)

<0.001

Hypothermia, n (%)

43 (5.5)

35 (5.4)

8 (6.3)

0.67

Nutritional edema, n/total non-missing (%)

246/777 (31.6)

47 (37.0)

199/650 (30.6)

0.13

Not able to complete feeds, n/total non-missing (%)

450/773 (58.2)

74/126 (58.7)

376/647 (58.1)

0.9

Reduced consciousness, n (%)

24 (3.1)

13 (2.0)

11 (8.7)

<0.001

Shock, n (%)

25 (3.2)

16 (2.5)

9 (7.1)

0.007

Vomiting, n (%)

215 (27.6)

183 (28.0)

32 (25.2)

0.52

  1. Notes: data are median (IQR) or number (%) of SAM patients, shown for all patients as well as by outcome (discharged vs. died). HAZ Height-for-age Z score. WAZ Weight-for-age Z score. WHZ Weight-for-height Z score. HIV- HIV-negative. HIV+/exposed HIV-positive or positive antibody reactivity