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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by alcohol drinking categories, in men

From: Alcohol drinking and risks of liver cancer and non-neoplastic chronic liver diseases in China: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million adults

     

Current regular drinkers

 

Overall

Abstainers

Ex-regular drinkers

Occasional drinkers

All current regular

< 140 g/week

140–279 g/week

280–419 g/week

≥ 420 g/week

Number of participants

201,039

40,657

16,990

76,415

66,977

24,171

18,182

12,306

12,318

Socio-demographic characteristics

 Mean age, years (SD)

52.9 (10.9)

57.1 (11.1)

56.9 (10.3)

51.0 (10.8)

51.5 (10.2)

51.6 (10.9)

51.7 (10.2)

50.8 (9.6)

50.2 (9.5)

 Urban area, %

43.9

31.4

41.7

44.3

50.8

59.3

53.3

48.8

31.7

 Educational attainment > 6 years, %

58.2

54.6

57.1

60.9

58.1

61.2

57.5

58.5

54.5

 Income > 20000 yuan/year, %

45.7

42.0

45.1

46.7

46.8

47.8

46.3

45.5

46.9

 Married, %

92.9

91.3

93.4

93.3

93.3

94.0

93.3

93.3

92.2

Lifestyle factors

 Regular smoking, %

61.2

52.6

61.1

57.0

71.8

65.7

73.1

76.5

80.0

 Daily fresh fruit consumption, %

22.8

24.7

24.7

25.0

21.1

25.2

20.3

17.7

15.7

 Physical activity, mean MET-h/d (SD)

22.0 (15.2)

21.1 (15.0)

20.3 (14.4)

22.5 (15.6)

22.1 (14.8)

21.9 (14.4)

22.2 (14.8)

22.3 (15.3)

21.3 (15.1)

 Daily tea drinking, %

40.7

36.0

40.2

37.2

48.4

45.7

47.7

48.7

52.4

Physical measurements, mean (SD)

 SBP, mmHg

133.0 (20.1)

132.2 (21.6)

134.3 (21.5)

131.2 (18.8)

134.4 (19.8)

132.2 (18.9)

134.6 (19.8)

135.9 (20.0)

138.0 (20.7)

 DBP, mmHg

79.3 (11.4)

78.4 (11.5)

79.9 (11.7)

78.2 (10.9)

80.4 (11.5)

79.2 (11.1)

80.5 (11.5)

81.4 (11.6)

82.4 (11.7)

 BMI, kg/m2

23.5 (3.3)

23.3 (3.2)

24.0 (3.4)

23.5 (3.2)

23.5 (3.2)

23.4 (3.2)

23.5 (3.2)

23.5 (3.2)

23.6 (3.2)

Health and medical history, %a

 Poor health

8.6

12.1

16.6

7.5

5.7

5.9

5.8

5.4

6.5

 Any chronic diseaseb

20.8

24.6

34.6

19.6

16.7

17.9

16.6

16.0

16.5

 Coronary heart disease

2.7

3.3

5.4

2.3

2.0

2.2

1.9

1.7

2.2

 Stroke or transient ischaemic attack

2.4

3.7

6.2

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.3

 Prevalent diabetes

5.6

6.7

8.9

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.4

4.9

5.6

 Family history of cancer

16.4

14.4

17.9

16.5

17.2

16.9

17.4

17.6

17.7

 Family history of diabetes

6.5

6.1

7.8

6.7

6.2

6.5

6.0

5.9

6.3

 HBsAg test positive

3.0

3.4

3.6

2.9

3.0

2.8

3.1

3.3

3.1

  1. SD, standard deviation; MET-h/d, metabolic equivalents of task per hours per day; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
  2. Participants with unclear or missing HBsAg test result, or with self-reported prior cancer, liver cirrhosis, or chronic hepatitis were excluded
  3. Prevalences and means are directly standardised to the age and study area structure of the male study population as appropriate
  4. aAll self-reported except for prevalent diabetes which included both self-reported and screen-detected diabetes
  5. bChronic diseases included self-reported history of coronary heart disease, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, diabetes, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcer, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, gallstone/gallbladder disease, and kidney disease