Decentralized facility financing versus performance-based payments in primary health care: a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Nigeria

Table 1 Summary of program: Treatment arms

Characteristic	PBF	DFF	Control
Funds electronically transferred to a health facility account	Yes	Yes	No
Autonomy of facility to allocate funds	Yes	Yes	No
Community engagement in facility management	Yes	Yes	No
Enhanced supervision using a quantitative supervisory checklist	Yes	Yes	No
Facility payment linked to quantity and quality of services	Yes	No	No
Remoteness bonus	Yes	No	No
Salary bonuses to health workers based on performance	Yes	No	No
Level of overall incremental funding (US$ per capita per year)	$3.49	$1.74	$0.00

Summary of the program features of the three arms of the program—performance-based financing, direct facility financing, and business-as-usual or control

ISSN: 1741-7015