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Fig. 1 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Intensive lactation among women with recent gestational diabetes significantly alters the early postpartum circulating lipid profile: the SWIFT study

Fig. 1

Overview of the study of women, infant feeding, and type 2 diabetes (SWIFT) cohort and study design. The SWIFT cohort is a prospective longitudinal research cohort of 1035 women with recent GDM enrolled at 6–9 weeks postpartum (baseline) from 2008 to 2011. There were 1010 out of 1035 women who were free of diabetes confirmed by a 2-h 75-g OGTT at baseline. Women were followed up annually via 2-h 75-g OGTT up to 2 years postpartum (n = 959 women), and their electronic medical records (EHR) were utilized to obtain additional clinical diagnoses of diabetes from baseline to 8 years post-baseline (till January 16, 2019). Fasting plasma samples were obtained at both baseline and follow-up during 2-h 75-g OGTTs. Baseline analysis included a total of 350 women (216 IBF vs 134 IFF/Mixed) whose stored fasting plasma samples were collected and were subjected to targeted metabolomics and lipidomics profiling. Follow-up and longitudinal analyses included 303 of the 350 women (188 IBF vs 115 IFF/Mixed) whose fasting plasma samples were subject to targeted metabolomics profiling. Targeted metabolomics allowed the detection of 188 analytes and targeted lipidomics allowed detection of 1008 lipid species based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. The generated dataset was then subjected to data pre-processing and bioinformatic analysis

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