| Total | Training cohort |  | Validation cohort |  | P | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Total | Patients, NO. (%) | P | Total | Patients, NO. (%) | P |  | ||
Characteristic | Â | Â | A+T | T | Â | A+T | T | Â | ||
NO. of patients | 318 | 176 | 88 | 88 | Â | 142 | 71 | 71 | Â | Â |
Median age, years (range) | 56 (28–83) | 56 (28–83) | 55.75 (28–74) | 57 (31–84) | 0.166 |  | 56 (26–75) | 57 (33–80) | 0.412 | 0.735 |
Sex | ||||||||||
 Male | 128 (40.2%) | 67 (38.1%) | 36 (40.9%) | 31 (35.2%) | 0.535 | 61 (43%) | 30 (42.3%) | 31 (43.7%) | 0.768 | 0.744 |
 Female | 190 (59.8%) | 109 (61.9%) | 52 (59.1%) | 57 (64.8%) |  | 81 (57%) | 41 (57.7%) | 40 (56.3%) |  |  |
Smoking history | ||||||||||
 Never | 232 (73%) | 121 (68.8%) | 66 (75%) | 55 (62.5%) | 0.103 | 111 (78.2%) | 56 (78.9%) | 55 (75%) | 0.925 | 0.417 |
 Former | 86 (27%) | 55 (31.2%) | 22 (25%) | 33 (37.5%) |  | 31 (21.8%) | 15 (21.1%) | 16 (25%) |  |  |
Pathology | ||||||||||
 Adenocarcinoma | 318 (100) | 176 (100%) | 88 (100%) | 88 (100%) | 1 | 142 (100%) | 71 (100%) | 71 (100%) | 1 | 1 |
 Squamous carcinoma | 0 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |  | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |  |  |
ECOG performance status | ||||||||||
 0–1 | 303 (94.3%) | 172 (97.7%) | 86 (97.7%) | 86 (97.7%) | 1 | 131 (92.2%) | 65 (91.5%) | 66 (92.9%) | 0.975 | 0.896 |
 2 | 15 (5.7%) | 4 (2.3%) | 2 (2.3%) | 2 (2.3%) |  | 11 (7.3%) | 6 (8.5%) | 5 (7.1%) |  |  |
Brain metastasis | ||||||||||
 Yes | 102 (32%) | 58 (32.9%) | 28 (31.8%) | 30 (34.1%) | 0.862 | 44 (30.9%) | 23 (32.4%) | 21 (29.5%) | 0.769 | 0.711 |
 No | 216 (68%) | 118 (67.1%) | 60 (68.2%) | 58 (65.9%) |  | 98 (69.1%) | 48 (61.6%) | 50 (70.5%) |  |  |
Bone metastasis | ||||||||||
 Yes | 160 (50.3%) | 88 (50%) | 47 (53.4%) | 41 (46.6%) | 0.451 | 72 (50.7%) | 34 (47.9%) | 38 (53.5%) | 0.379 | 0.637 |
 No | 158 (49.7%) | 88 (50%) | 41 (46.6%) | 47 (53.4%) |  | 69 (49.3%) | 37 (52.1%) | 33 (46.5%) |  |  |
Liver metastasis | ||||||||||
 Yes | 40 (12.5%) | 21 (11.9%) | 12 (13.6%) | 9 (10.2%) | 0.643 | 19 (13.4%) | 9 (12.6%) | 10 (14.1%) | 0.563 | 0.677 |
 No | 278 (87.5%) | 155 (88.1%) | 76 (86.4%) | 79 (89.8%) |  | 123 (86.6%) | 62 (87.4%) | 61 (85.9%) |  |  |
Stage | ||||||||||
 IIIa/IIIb | 9 (2.8%) | 5 (2.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0.368 | 4 (2.8%) | 2 (1.1%) | 2 (4.5%) | 1 | 0.614 |
 IV | 309 (97.2%) | 171 (97.2%) | 87 (98.9%) | 84 (95.5%) |  | 138 (97.2%) | 69 (98.9%) | 69 (95.5%) |  |  |