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Table 3 Surgical outcomes, postoperative recovery, morbidity, and mortality in the SMA and SSA groups

From: Comparison of submucosal and subserosal approaches toward optimized indocyanine green tracer-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for patients with gastric cancer (FUGES-019): a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

Mean (SD)/No. (%)

P Value

SMA (n = 130)

SSA (n = 129)

Surgical outcome

 Estimated blood loss (mL)

51.1 (46.2)

52.4 (59.7)

0.243

 Surgical time (minutes)

197.5 (43.7)

207.1 (52.1)

0.112

Postoperative recovery

 Time to first flatus (days)

3.1 (1.1)

3.3 (0.7)

0.157

 Time to ambulation (days)

2.1 (0.6)

2.2 (1.1)

0.580

 Time to first liquid intake (days)

3.6 (1.0)

3.8 (1.3)

0.177

 Time to first semifluid intake (days)

5.5 (1.9)

5.7 (4.0)

0.672

 Postoperative hospital stays (days)

8.3 (5.0)

8.2 (5.6)

0.956

 Postoperative transfusion

9 (6.9)

7 (5.4)

0.617

 Reoperationa

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

0.318

 Unplanned readmissionb

1 (0.8)

3 (2.3)

0.310

Morbidity type

 Postoperative complication

23 (17.7)

21 (16.3)

0.762

 Anastomotic

  Leakage

1 (0.8)

1 (0.8)

0.996

  Stenosis

2 (1.5)

2 (1.6)

0.994

 Wound problem

3 (2.3)

2 (1.6)

0.658

 Intra-abdominal bleeding

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

0.318

 Abdominal infection

3 (2.3)

3 (2.3)

0.992

 Ileus

2 (1.5)

1 (0.8)

0.566

 Lymphatic leakage

3 (2.3)

5 (3.9)

0.466

 Gastroparesis

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

0.315

 Pulmonary

12 (9.2)

11 (8.5)

0.842

 Cerebrovascular

3 (2.3)

1 (0.8)

0.317

 Deep vein thrombosis

2 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

0.157

 Hepatic

2 (1.5)

2 (1.6)

0.994

 Renal

1 (0.8)

1 (0.8)

0.996

 Other

4 (3.1)

3 (2.3)

0.709

Mortality

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

-

Clavien-Dindo classification

 I

1 (0.8)

2 (1.6)

0.850

 II

17 (13.1)

15 (11.6)

 IIIa

3 (2.3)

2 (1.6)

 IIIb

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

 IV

1 (0.8)

2 (1.6)

 V

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

  1. LN lymph node, SMA submucosa approach, SSA subserosa approach, SD standard deviation
  2. aDue to one case of postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage in the SMA group
  3. bDue to one case of postoperative ileus, one case of postoperative abdominal infection and one case of anastomotic stenosis in the SSA group; one case of postoperative abdominal infection in the SMA group