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Table 2 Risk of death according to cardiometabolic disease status at baseline, adjusting for comorbidity using alternative indicators for this variable

From: Association between cardiometabolic disease multimorbidity and all-cause mortality in 2 million women and men registered in UK general practices

 

No cardiometabolic disease at baseline

With cardiometabolic disease at baseline

Myocardial infarction

Diabetes

Stroke

Myocardial infarction and diabetes

Myocardial infarction and stroke

Stroke and diabetes

Myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes

No. of persons

1,861,821 (52)

33,581 (30)

71,399 (47)

25,136 (53)

7206 (30)

2901 (36)

4753 (46)

934 (33)

No. of deaths

85,117

15,233

22,582

14,184

3961

2082

3121

714

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

 Adjusted for sex, smoking, deprivation and comorbidities at baseline

1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)

1.21 (1.19 to 1.23)

1.34 (1.32 to 1.35)

1.47 (1.44 to 1.49)

1.59 (1.55 to 1.63)

1.46 (1.41 to 1.52)

1.86 (1.81 to 1.90)

1.72 (1.63 to 1.81)

 Adjusted for sex, smoking, deprivation and number of comorbiditiesa at baseline

1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)

1.18 (1.16 to 1.19)

1.32 (1.31 to 1.33)

1.14 (1.13 to 1.16)

1.47 (1.43 to 1.50)

1.24 (1.19 to 1.28)

1.37 (1.34 to 1.41)

1.43 (1.36 to 1.50)

 Adjusted for sex, smoking, deprivation and categories of comorbiditiesb at baseline

1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)

1.27 (1.26 to 1.29)

1.40 (1.39 to 1.41)

1.46 (1.44 to 1.48)

1.73 (1.70 to 1.76)

1.58 (1.54 to 1.63)

1.91 (1.88 to 1.95)

2.13 (2.05 to 2.20)

  1. CI confidence interval; hazard ratios based on Cox regression using age as the underlying time variable; a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and ≥5 comorbidities; b comorbidities categorised as cardiometabolic (but not myocardial infarction, diabetes or stroke), mental health, respiratory, musculoskeletal, neurological, cancers and others