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Table 2 Baseline characteristics by chronic kidney disease (CKD) status

From: Hospitalisation events in people with chronic kidney disease as a component of multimorbidity: parallel cohort studies in research and routine care settings

 

UK Biobank

SAIL

No CKD

n = 458 572 (97.7%)

CKD

n = 10 767 (2.3%)

P value

No CKD

n = 1 447 102 (89.3%)

CKD

n = 173 388 (10.7%)

P value

Age (years)

Median (IQR)

58 (50 to 63)

64 (60 to 67)

< 0.001

50 (36 to 63)

79 (72 to 85)

< 0.001

Sex (%)

Female

248,751 (54.2)

5746 (53.4)

0.072

788,725 (54.5)

98,782 (57.0)

< 0.001

Male

209,821 (45.8)

5021 (46.6)

658,377 (45.5)

74,606 (43.0)

Ethnicity (%)

White

432,151 (94.7)

10,202 (95.3)

0.008

622,324 (94.5)

71,424 (98.6)

< 0.001

Black

7173 (1.6)

128 (1.2)

6032 (0.9)

129 (0.2)

Asian

10,311 (2.3)

235 (2.2)

16,499 (2.5)

335 (0.7)

Mixed

2705 (0.6)

48 (0.4)

3806 (0.6)

105 (0.1)

Other

4085 (0.9)

96 (0.9)

10,061 (1.5)

222 (0.3)

Missing values

2205 (0.5%)

889,353 (54.9)

Deprivation scorea

Median (IQR)

− 2.2 (− 3.7 to 0.5)

− 2.0 (− 3.5 to 0.9)

< 0.001

18.0 (10.8 to 30.0)

17.6 (11.0 to 28.3)

< 0.001

Missing values

577 (0.1 %)

302,952 (18.7%)

Smoking status (%)

Never

250,304 (54.9)

5261 (49.3)

< 0.001

516,728 (48.4)

65,132 (47.4)

< 0.001

Previous

157,573 (34.5)

4558 (42.7)

273,908 (25.7)

58,190 (42.4)

Current

48,402 (10.6)

862 (8.1)

276,545 (25.9)

13,962 (10.2)

Missing values

2379 (0.5%)

416,025 (25.7%)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

Median (IQR)

27 (24 to 30)

29 (26 to 32)

< 0.001

29 (24 to 33)

29 (25 to 32)

0.394

Missing values

1 873 (0.4%)

1 472 240 (90.9%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Median (IQR)

136 (125 to 150)

139 (127 to 152)

< 0.001

130 (120 to 141)

134 (122 to 144)

< 0.001

Missing values

14 639 (3.1%)

287 529 (17.7%)

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2)

Median (IQR)

93.1 (83.8 to 100.2)

54. 1 (48.1 to 57.6)

< 0.001

97.1 (85.4 to 109.4)

51.2 (42.9 to 56.2)

< 0.001

Urine albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

Median (IQR)

0.0 (0.0 to 0.6)

0.4 (0.0 to 1.9)

< 0.001

0.9 (0.5 to 2.1)

1.8 (0.8 to 5.7)

< 0.001

Missing values

13,406 (2.9%)

1,453,186 (89.7%)

Long-term condition count (excluding CKD)

Median (IQR)

1 (0 to 2)

2 (1 to 3)

< 0.001

1 (0 to 2)

4 (2 to 5)

< 0.001

  1. Interquartile range (IQR). P values: Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables
  2. aTownsend score for UK Biobank: higher scores suggest higher levels of deprivation. Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation Rank for SAIL: lower ranks suggest higher levels of deprivation
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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