Table.4 Odds ratios (95% CI) of harmful environments in childhood and adolescence by retrospective reports of child abuse (imputed data, N = 9308)

Impoverished upbringing (7–16 years)

2.19 (1.89, 2.54)

2.31 (1.87, 2.85)

2.02 (1.71, 2.40)

2.86 (2.35, 3.50)

4.49 (3.14, 6.43)

Hazardous conditions (7–16 years)

1.15 (0.95, 1.39)

1.22 (0.93, 1.61)

1.09 (0.87, 1.36)

1.07 (0.80, 1.43)

1.25 (0.71, 2.20)

Anti-social behaviours (7–16 years)

1.73 (1.50, 1.99)

1.86 (1.53, 2.27)

1.59 (1.35, 1.88)

2.01 (1.64, 2.45)

2.45 (1.70, 3.55)

Poor parent-child relationships (16 years)

2.98 (2.50, 3.54)

3.49 (2.80, 4.34)

3.06 (2.52, 3.71)

3.12 (2.46, 3.95)

3.66 (2.42, 5.54)

Any harmful environment^~ (7–16 years)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1.75 (1.50, 2.03)

2.08 (1.67, 2.59)

1.69 (1.42, 2.02)

2.05 (1.64, 2.55)

1.93 (1.19, 3.13)

3.02 (2.50, 3.64)

3.49 (2.68, 4.56)

2.77 (2.23, 3.45)

3.90 (3.02, 5.03)

4.78 (2.97, 7.69)

4.68 (3.39, 6.45)

5.79 (3.80, 8.82)

4.29 (2.95, 6.24)

5.94 (3.87, 9.12)

14.4 (7.94, 26.0)