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Table 2 Mean differences in rate of cognitive change (SD/year) during follow-up in men

From: Different hypertension thresholds and cognitive decline: a pooled analysis of three ageing cohorts

BP Group

HRS (n = 2810)

ELSA (n = 2338)

CHARLS (n = 2533)

Pooled analysis (n = 7681)

β (95% Cl)*

P value

β (95% Cl)*

P value

β (95% Cl)*

P value

Pooled β (95% Cl)*

P value

I2 (%)

P value

Global

          

 Normal

−0.018 (− 0.032 to − 0.005)

0.008

0.005 (−0.012 to 0.023)

0.551

−0.003 (− 0.020 to 0.013)

0.687

− 0.006 (− 0.020 to 0.008)

0.377

58.3

0.091

 Borderline

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

/

/

 High

−0.015 (−0.024 to − 0.005)

0.002

−0.003 (− 0.013 to 0.008)

0.626

−0.016 (− 0.030 to − 0.002)

0.025

−0.011 (− 0.020 to − 0.002)

0.013

43.7

0.169

Memory

          

 Normal

−0.008 (−0.018 to 0.002)

0.097

0.010 (− 0.002 to 0.021)

0.099

−0.013 (− 0.034 to 0.009)

0.257

−0.003 (− 0.016 to 0.011)

0.715

69.2

0.039

 Borderline

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

/

/

 High

−0.006 (− 0.013 to 0.001)

0.076

−0.001 (− 0.008 to 0.006)

0.852

−0.018 (− 0.036 to 0.001)

0.060

−0.005 (− 0.012 to 0.002)

0.138

40.7

0.185

Executive function

          

 Normal

−0.008 (− 0.018 to 0.002)

0.107

0.007 (−0.005 to 0.019)

0.276

−0.001 (− 0.017 to 0.015)

0.902

−0.001 (− 0.011 to 0.008)

0.777

42.2

0.177

 Borderline

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

/

/

 High

−0.003 (− 0.010 to 0.004)

0.404

−0.006 (− 0.014 to 0.001)

0.108

−0.012 (− 0.025 to 0.002)

0.101

−0.005 (− 0.010 to 0.000)

0.031

0.0

0.513

Orientation

          

 Normal

−0.021 (− 0.039 to − 0.003)

0.025

−0.004 (− 0.025 to 0.016)

0.677

0.011 (−0.006 to 0.029)

0.210

−0.005 (− 0.024 to 0.015)

0.640

67.6

0.046

 Borderline

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

Reference

/

/

/

 High

−0.019 (− 0.032 to − 0.007)

0.003

0.004 (−0.009 to 0.016)

0.573

0.002 (−0.013 to 0.017)

0.749

−0.005 (− 0.020 to 0.011)

0.550

73.6

0.023

  1. * After adjusting for age, race (except for the CHARLS), body mass index, education, cohabitation status, current smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, depressive symptoms, antihypertension medication, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and chronic lung disease
  2. BP, blood pressure; HRS, the Health and Retirement Study; ELSA, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; CHARLS, the China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study