Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to ELISA-S test status, NutriNet-Santé cohort study (2009–2020)—SAPRIS-SERO project
ELISA-S negative (n=7455) | ELISA-S positive (n=311) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) mean ± SD | n (%) mean ± SD | P* | |
Sex | 0.19 | ||
Men | 2224 (29.8) | 82 (26.4) | |
Women | 5231 (70.2) | 229 (73.6) | |
Age (years) | 60.6 ± 12.8 | 53.0 ± 13.5 | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 4.0 | 23.4 ± 3.8 | 0.24 |
Educational level | < 0.0001 | ||
< High-school degree | 1201 (16.1) | 22 (7.1) | |
High-school degree | 878 (11.8) | 28 (9.0) | |
Undergraduate degree | 2361 (31.7) | 92 (29.6) | |
Graduate degree | 3015 (40.4) | 169 (54.3) | |
Monthly income (household) | < 0.0001 | ||
< 1800 euros | 756 (10.1) | 21 (6.8) | |
≥ 1800 to < 2500 euros | 1124 (15.1) | 34 (10.9) | |
≥ 2500 to < 4000 euros | 2616 (35.1) | 85 (27.3) | |
≥ 4000 to < 6000 euros | 1833 (24.6) | 101 (32.5) | |
≥ 6000 euros | 672 (9.0) | 52 (16.7) | |
Do not wish to answer | 454 (6.1) | 18 (5.8) | |
Professional activity | < 0.0001 | ||
No professional activity prior to lockdown† | 4477 (60.1) | 107 (34.4) | |
Short-time working‡ | 512 (6.9) | 44 (14.2) | |
Working outside home | 552 (7.4) | 28 (9.0) | |
Working from home | 1722 (23.1) | 125 (40.2) | |
Student, trainee | 192 (2.6) | 7 (2.3) | |
Physical activity level pre-lockdown | 0.0001 | ||
Low | 1043 (14.0) | 47 (15.1) | |
Moderate | 2931 (39.3) | 156 (50.2) | |
High | 3481 (46.7) | 108 (34.7) | |
Smoking status | 0.0004 | ||
Non-smoker | 3161 (42.4) | 165 (53.1) | |
Former smoker | 3900 (52.3) | 138 (44.4) | |
Smoker | 394 (5.3) | 8 (2.6) | |
Residential area | < 0.0001 | ||
Rural area | 2693 (36.1) | 72 (23.2) | |
City, < 20,000 inhabitants | 1801 (24.2) | 85 (27.3) | |
City, ≥ 20,000 to < 100,000 inhabitants | 1623 (21.8) | 81 (26.1) | |
City, > 100,000 inhabitants | 1338 (18.0) | 73 (23.5) | |
Frequency of going out over the past week | 0.0001 | ||
Never | 533 (7.2) | 44 (14.2) | |
Once | 1570 (21.1) | 69 (22.2) | |
2 to 5 times | 3137 (42.1) | 124 (39.9) | |
6 to 10 times | 1750 (23.5) | 59 (19.0) | |
> 10 times | 465 (6.2) | 15 (4.8) | |
Presence of children aged under 18 years at home, yes | 1139 (15.3) | 110 (35.4) | < 0.0001 |
Prevalent cancer, yes | 455 (6.1) | 9 (2.9) | 0.02 |
Prevalent cardiovascular disease or stroke, yes | 354 (4.8) | 9 (2.9) | 0.13 |
Prevalent high blood pressure, yes | 1519 (20.4) | 50 (16.1) | 0.06 |
Prevalent diabetes, yes | 276 (3.7) | 8 (2.6) | 0.3 |
Prevalent dyslipidemia, yes | 829 (11.1) | 22 (7.1) | 0.03 |
Prevalent asthma, yes | 339 (4.6) | 22 (7.1) | 0.04 |
Prevalent chronic disease§, yes | 2594 (34.8) | 81 (26.1) | 0.001 |
Protective behavior index|| | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 0.67 |
Presence of COVID-19 symptoms**, yes | 1541 (20.7) | 166 (53.4) | < 0.0001 |
Admitted to hospital or called the paramedics for having COVID-19 symptoms, yes | 35 (0.4) | 13 (4.1) | < 0.0001 |
COVID-19 individual symptoms | |||
Fever, yes | 866 (11.6) | 137 (44.0) | < 0.0001 |
Cough, yes | 1024 (13.7) | 101 (32.5) | < 0.0001 |
Dyspnea, yes | 324 (4.3) | 47 (15.1) | < 0.0001 |
Ageusia/anosmia, yes | 151 (2.0) | 75 (24.1) | < 0.0001 |