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Table 4 Perinatal outcomes among women diagnosed with bipolar disorder, psychosis or schizophrenia

From: Maternal lithium use and the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a Swedish population-based cohort study

 

No lithium

n=9140

Lithium use

n=412

 

n (%)

n (%)

Relative risk (95% confidence interval)

Crude

Adjusted

Preeclampsia

286 (3.1)

15 (3.6)

1.16 (0.70, 1.94)

0.95 (0.54, 1.64)

Spontaneous preterm birth

314 (3.4)

33 (8.0)

2.33 (1.62, 3.34)

2.34 (1.55, 3.56)

Small for gestational age

235 (2.6)

12 (2.9)

1.13 (0.59, 2.18)

1.05 (0.50, 2.19)

Large for gestational age

374 (4.1)

39 (9.5)

2.32 (1.68, 3.18)

2.28 (1.61, 3.23)

Secondary outcomes

 Macrosomia

42 (0.5)

2 (0.5)

1.06 (0.26, 4.35)

1.16 (0.27, 4.96)

 Hypoglycaemia

271 (3.0)

22 (5.3)

1.80 (1.18, 2.74)

1.59 (1.01, 2.49)

 Five-minute Apgar < 6

175 (1.9)

11 (2.7)

1.07 (0.50, 2.72)

1.07 (0.50, 2.28)

 Malformations (all)

309 (3.4)

18 (4.4)

1.29 (0.81, 2.05)

1.35 (0.82, 2.21)

 Cardiac malformations

72 (0.8)

8 (1.9)

2.46 (1.20, 5.07)

3.01 (1.38, 6.53)

 Perinatal death

40 (0.4)

2 (0.5)

1.69 (0.41, 7.03)

1.01 (0.14, 7.56)

  1. Adjusted analyses were retrieved via inverse probability weighting with maternal age, body mass index, smoking status, country of birth, education, parity and medical conditions, and the use of antipsychotics, neuroleptics and lamotrigine during pregnancy were included as covariates