Fig. 2

Temporal change of the associations between COVID-19/seasonal influenza and subsequent risk of life-threatening secondary infections. *The simulated curves were constructed using one-dimensional smoothing spline; ^#Cox models were stratified by matching identifier (sex, birth year, Charlson comorbidity index, and decile of Townsend deprivation index) and adjusted for education level, Townsend deprivation index (as a continuous variable), Charlson comorbidity index (as a continuous variable), BMI, smoking status, and history of life-threatening infections