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Table 5 Difference-in-difference analyses for the relationships between different categories of IPVA victimisation types at ages 18–21 (vs. no victimisation) and logged depressive symptom scores at ages 16 and 23 (models fitted in imputed datasets)

From: Exploring the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study

Model

Term

% changeÏ®

95% ratio of geometric means (95% CI)

p value

Women

1 (N = 1480)

Psych (vs. no IPVA)Â¥

9

1.09 (0.95, 1.26)

0.204

Time¥¥

5

1.05 (0.98, 1.13)

0.180

Psych*Time¥¥¥

3

1.03 (0.84, 1.26)

0.768

2 (N = 1382)

Phys (vs. no IPVA)Â¥

38

1.38 (1.15, 1.65)

0.001

Time¥¥

5

1.05 (0.98, 1.13)

0.181

Phys*Time¥¥¥

4

1.04 (0.80, 1.34)

0.784

3 (N = 1433)

Sexual (vs. no IPVA)Â¥

52

1.52 (1.31, 1.76)

< 0.001

Time¥

5

1.05 (0.98, 1.13)

0.178

Sexual*Time¥¥¥

0

1.00 (0.81, 1.23)

0.985

Men

1 (N = 952)

Psych (vs. no IPVA)Â¥

24

1.24 (1.03, 1.49)

0.020

Time¥

34

1.34 (1.22, 1.47)

< 0.001

Psych*Time¥¥¥

−2

0.98 (0.75, 1.28)

0.895

2 (N = 879)

Phys (vs. no IPVA)Â¥

28

1.28 (0.98, 1.68)

0.070

Time¥¥

34

1.34 (1.22, 1.47)

< 0.001

Phys*Time¥¥¥

−8

0.92 (0.63, 1.34)

0.676

3 (N = 866)

Sexual (vs. no IPVA)Â¥

84

1.84 (1.36, 2.50)

< 0.001

Time¥¥

34

1.34 (1.22, 1.47)

< 0.001

Sexual*Time¥¥¥

−9

0.91 (0.59, 1.41)

0.673

  1. CI confidence interval, Phys physical IPVA victimisation (with or without psychological IPVA, no sexual IPVA), Psych psychological IPVA victimisation only, Sexual any sexual IPVA victimisation (with or without psychological or physical IPVA victimisation)
  2. *An interaction between two variables
  3. ϮIn geometric mean. % change calculated from the estimated coefficient for victimisation in each model, as % change = [exp(coefficient) − 1] × 100
  4. ¥The difference in depressive symptoms at baseline (age 16 years) comparing people exposed to each IPVA subtype with people not exposed to that IPVA subtype
  5. ¥The change in depressive symptoms over time, in people not exposed to the IPVA subtype
  6. ¥The difference in difference, i.e. the difference in the change in depressive symptoms over time, comparing people exposed to the IPVA subtype with people not exposed to the IPVA subtype