Fig. 3
From: Ketone bodies: from enemy to friend and guardian angel
Ketone bodies preserve cardiological functions in animal studies. Increasing ketone body utilization by cardiomyocytes via fasting, ketogenic diet, or supplementing βOHB causes mitochondrial stress which is followed by an adaptive cellular response which is characterized by improved mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative defense. This leads to less cell damage and fibrosis in ischemia-reperfusion experiments and less cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin. FFA, free fatty acids