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Fig. 6 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 6

From: A comprehensive gene-centric pleiotropic association analysis for 14 psychiatric disorders with GWAS summary statistics

Fig. 6

Results of the Mendelian randomization analysis for psychiatric disorders. A Distribution of effect sizes across all pairs of psychiatric disorders estimated with the inverse-variance weighted method. B Estimated effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for two childhood-onset psychiatric disorders (e.g., ASD or ADHD) on ten adulthood-onset psychiatric disorders. C Significant causal associations among ten adulthood-onset psychiatric disorders indicated by arrows (FDR < 0.05). The arrow to the right side indicates that the adulthood-onset psychiatric disorders across the diagonal line has a significant causal effect on the adulthood-onset psychiatric disorders on the column, vice versa for the arrow to the left side; the two-sided arrow indicate that the two disorders have a significant causal effect on each other. The color indicates the direction of the estimated causal effect no matter whether it is significant or not. The plus and minus signs indicate positive and negative effect sizes, respectively. The legend on the bottom left shows the count of diverse effect sizes in direction for all the pairwise relationships or only these significant associations for adulthood-onset psychiatric disorders

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