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Table 3 Median outcomes of TPT with 4R in cohorts of 1000 PWH or 1000 TB household contacts, compared to no TPT or to 6H, under different scenarios of subclinical TB screening and associated intervention access

From: Isoniazid or rifampicin preventive therapy with and without screening for subclinical TB: a modeling analysis

 

4R, symptom screening only

4R, Subclinical TB screening, same access

4R, Subclinical TB screening, 20% reduced access

6H, symptom screening only

6H, Subclinical TB screening, same access

6H, Subclinical TB screening, 20% reduced access

PWH cohort

 Expected cases of active TB without TPT

71

71

71

71

71

71

 Expected cases of active TB with TPT #

25

16

27

33

20

31

 Net change in total active TB cases (versus no TPT) a

−45

−55

−44

−37

−51

−41

 Net change in INH monoresistant cases (versus no TPT)

−3

−2.9

− 2.3

6.2

−0.48

− 0.38

 Net change in RIF monoresistant cases (versus no TPT)

3

0.3

0.24

−0.23

−0.11

− 0.09

 Net change in MDR cases (versus no TPT)

0.63

−0.56

−0.45

0.18

−0.59

− 0.47

 Net change in total DR cases (versus no TPT)

−0.85

−1.5

− 1.2

1.1

− 0.69

− 0.55

 Symptomatic TB cases averted per RR/MDR added (vs no TPT)

12

b

b

b

b

b

 INH monoresistance averted per RR/MDR added (vs no TPT)

0.78

b

b

b

b

b

 Symptomatic TB cases averted per RR/MDR added (vs 6H)

2

7.2

7.2

NA

NA

NA

 INH monoresistance averted per RR/MDR added (vs 6H)

2.3

4

4

NA

NA

NA

Household contact cohort

 Expected cases of active TB without TPT

25

25

25

25

25

25

 Expected cases of active TB with TPT #

7.8

6.8

10

12

10

13

 Net change in total active TB cases (versus no TPT) a

−17

−18

−15

−13

−15

−12

 Net change in INH monoresistant cases (versus no TPT)

−1.6

− 1.6

−1.3

0.84

−0.02

−0.02

 Net change in RIF monoresistant cases (versus no TPT)

0.39

0.09

0.07

−0.06

−0.05

− 0.04

 Net change in MDR cases (versus no TPT)

0.02

−0.1

−0.08

0

−0.06

− 0.05

 Net change in total DR cases (versus no TPT)

−0.56

− 0.56

−0.44

0.11

−0.09

− 0.07

 Symptomatic TB cases averted per RR/MDR added (vs no TPT)

37

b

b

b

b

b

 INH monoresistance averted per RR/MDR added (vs no TPT)

3.5

b

b

b

b

b

 Symptomatic TB cases averted per RR/MDR added (vs 6H)

7.2

24

24

NA

NA

NA

 INH monoresistance averted per RR/MDR added (vs 6H)

5

13

13

NA

NA

NA

  1. aActive TB that develops from subclinical or latent TB that was present at enrollment
  2. bNo net increase in RR/MDR TB in > 90% of simulations
  3. Abbreviations: CXR chest radiogram, TPT tuberculosis preventive treatment, TB tuberculosis, PWH patients newly diagnosed with HIV, INH isoniazid, RIF rifampicin, RR rifampicin monoresistant, MDR multidrug-resistant, DR drug-resistant, 4R rifampicin, 4-month regimen, 6H isoniazid, 6-month regimen