Table 3 Baseline use of medications among SGLT2i initiators with DKD, in the total study population and stratified by insurance type and CV risk

T2D medication

Metformin, n (%)

4545 (71.1%)

1739 (76.1%)

2806 (68.4%)

2063 (73.8%)

2256 (69.7%)

226 (63.7%)

Any second LOT, n (%)

5528 (86.5%)

1961 (85.9%)

3567 (86.9%)

2385 (85.3%)

2834 (87.6%)

309 (87.0%)

 SU, n (%)

3093 (48.4%)

1004 (44.0%)

2089 (50.9%)

1387 (49.6%)

1555 (48.0%)

151 (42.5%)

 TZD, n (%)

848 (13.3%)

273 (12.0%)

575 (14.0%)

371 (13.3%)

436 (13.5%)

41 (11.5%)

 DPP4i, n (%)

2201 (34.4%)

785 (34.4%)

1416 (34.5%)

1024 (36.6%)

1074 (33.2%)

103 (29.0%)

 GLP1ra, n (%)

1385 (21.7%)

680 (29.8%)

705 (17.2%)

551 (19.7%)

763 (23.6%)

71 (20.0%)

 Basal insulin, n (%)

2249 (35.2%)

801 (35.1%)

1448 (35.3%)

812 (29.0%)

1258 (38.9%)

179 (50.4%)

 AGI, n (%)

58 (0.9%)

13 (0.6%)

45 (1.1%)

22 (0.8%)

33 (1.0%)

3 (0.8%)

 Meglitinide, n (%)

170 (2.7%)

55 (2.4%)

115 (2.8%)

84 (3.0%)

73 (2.3%)

13 (3.7%)

Any two second LOTs, n (%)

2974 (46.5%)

1042 (45.6%)

1932 (47.1%)

1222 (43.7%)

1588 (49.1%)

164 (46.2%)

 SU + TZD, n (%)

391 (6.1%)

122 (5.3%)

269 (6.6%)

180 (6.4%)

199 (6.1%)

12 (3.4%)

 SU + DPP4i, n (%)

1010 (15.8%)

342 (15.0%)

668 (16.3%)

490 (17.5%)

488 (15.1%)

32 (9.0%)

 SU + GLP1ra, n (%)

377 (5.9%)

183 (8.0%)

194 (4.7%)

164 (5.9%)

199 (6.1%)

14 (3.9%)

 SU + basal insulin, n (%)

569 (8.9%)

185 (8.1%)

384 (9.4%)

224 (8.0%)

307 (9.5%)

38 (10.7%)

 TZD + DPP4i, n (%)

249 (3.9%)

88 (3.9%)

161 (3.9%)

124 (4.4%)

116 (3.6%)

9 (2.5%)

 TZD + GLP1ra, n (%)

118 (1.8%)

55 (2.4%)

63 (1.5%)

53 (1.9%)

57 (1.8%)

8 (2.3%)

 TZD + basal insulin, n (%)

152 (2.4%)

54 (2.4%)

98 (2.4%)

60 (2.1%)

84 (2.6%)

8 (2.3%)

 DPP4i + basal insulin, n (%)

430 (6.7%)

142 (6.2%)

288 (7.0%)

157 (5.6%)

239 (7.4%)

34 (9.6%)

 GLP1ra + basal insulin, n (%)

483 (7.6%)

233 (10.2%)

250 (6.1%)

166 (5.9%)

291 (9.0%)

26 (7.3%)

Basal + mealtime insulin, n (%)

826 (12.9%)

253 (11.1%)

573 (14.0%)

276 (9.9%)

478 (14.8%)

72 (20.3%)

CV medication

Alpha blocker, n (%)

194 (3.0%)

45 (2.0%)

149 (3.6%)

80 (2.9%)

99 (3.1%)

15 (4.2%)

ACEi/ARB, n (%)

5263 (82.4%)

1831 (80.2%)

3432 (83.6%)

2282 (81.6%)

2682 (82.9%)

299 (84.2%)

 DRI, n (%)

7 (0.1%)

0 (0.0%)

7 (0.2%)

4 (0.1%)

3 (0.1%)

0 (0.0%)

Antiplatelet, n (%)

957 (15.0%)

268 (11.7%)

689 (16.8%)

228 (8.2%)

560 (17.3%)

169 (47.6%)

Anticoagulant, n (%)

513 (8.0%)

117 (5.1%)

396 (9.6%)

188 (6.7%)

251 (7.8%)

74 (20.8%)

Aspirin, n (%)

99 (1.5%)

88 (3.9%)

11 (0.3%)

31 (1.1%)

53 (1.6%)

15 (4.2%)

Beta blocker, n (%)

3065 (48.0%)

838 (36.7%)

2227 (54.3%)

1160 (41.5%)

1637 (50.6%)

268 (75.5%)

CCB, n (%)

2548 (39.9%)

748 (32.7%)

1800 (43.8%)

1059 (37.9%)

1328 (41.0%)

161 (45.4%)

Central alpha agonist, n (%)

298 (4.7%)

87 (3.8%)

211 (5.1%)

113 (4.0%)

162 (5.0%)

23 (6.5%)

Diuretic, n (%)

3462 (54.2%)

1068 (46.8%)

2394 (58.3%)

1443 (51.6%)

1771 (54.7%)

248 (69.9%)

 ENaC, n (%)

179 (2.8%)

63 (2.8%)

116 (2.8%)

92 (3.3%)

80 (2.5%)

7 (2.0%)

 Loop diuretic, n (%)

1248 (19.5%)

274 (12.0%)

974 (23.7%)

397 (14.2%)

687 (21.2%)

164 (46.2%)

 MRA, n (%)

339 (5.3%)

96 (4.2%)

243 (5.9%)

104 (3.7%)

186 (5.7%)

49 (13.8%)

 K+ sparing diuretic, n (%)

507 (7.9%)

155 (6.8%)

352 (8.6%)

193 (6.9%)

259 (8.0%)

55 (15.5%)

 Thiazide diuretic, n (%)

2547 (39.9%)

872 (38.2%)

1675 (40.8%)

1149 (41.1%)

1262 (39.0%)

136 (38.3%)

Digoxin, n (%)

143 (2.2%)

31 (1.4%)

112 (2.7%)

50 (1.8%)

75 (2.3%)

18 (5.1%)

Statin, n (%)

5236 (82.0%)

1775 (77.7%)

3461 (84.3%)

2225 (79.5%)

2695 (83.3%)

316 (89.0%)

Nitrate, n (%)

539 (8.4%)

103 (4.5%)

436 (10.6%)

128 (4.6%)

307 (9.5%)

104 (29.3%)

Oral anticoagulant, n (%)

484 (7.6%)

107 (4.7%)

377 (9.2%)

176 (6.3%)

244 (7.5%)

64 (18.0%)

K+ binding agent, n (%)

42 (0.7%)

10 (0.4%)

32 (0.8%)

8 (0.3%)

28 (0.9%)

6 (1.7%)

K+ supplement, n (%)

608 (9.5%)

153 (6.7%)

455 (11.1%)

202 (7.2%)

328 (10.1%)

78 (22.0%)