Fig. 6

Association between global methylation changes and immune characteristics in the EHSH cohort. A Association between the methylation-based clusters and PD-L1 positivity (CPS score). B Correlations between CD8A methylation, CD8A mRNA, and the infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells in the TCGA-CHOL cohort. C Heatmap and table illustrating the methylation data and features of the five CD8A DMRs. D Associations of the methyl-risk with PD-L1 positivity and CD8A methylation. E Kaplan-Meier curves illustrating the OS of the subgroups classified by PD-L1 positivity and CD8A methylation. F Prognostic effect of the cluster-based and the LASSO-based risks after adjusting for CD8A methylation and/or PD-L1 positivity. G Representative features of the methylation-based clusters in terms of methylation changes, mutational events, immune-related characteristics, prognosis, and potential usefulness for predicting the benefits from targeted therapy and immunotherapy. CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; CPS, combined positive score; GBC, gallbladder cancer; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; TMB, tumor mutational burden