Table 1 The basic information and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients

Age, years

48.0 ± 21.2

40.1 ± 19.8

61.0 ± 16.8

< 0.001

Male (%)

39 (61.9)

20 (51.3)

19 (79.2)

0.05

Length of hospital stay, days

26.1 ± 18.8

15.8 ± 4.1

42.8 ± 21.5

<  0.001

Viral load, Log10(copies/μl)

3.7 ± 1.6

3.7 ± 1.7

3.8 ± 1.5

0.16

Symptoms at admission (%)

 Fever

41 (65.1)

19 (48.7)

22 (91.7)

<  0.001

 Chest tightness

20 (31.7)

7 (17.9)

13 (54.2)

0.005

 Cough

33 (52.4)

21 (53.8)

12 (50.0)

0.80

 Sputum

25 (39.7)

12 (30.8)

13 (54.2)

0.11

 Diarrhea

9 (14.3)

3 (7.7)

6 (25.0)

0.07

Death (%)

5 (7.9)

0

5 (20.8)

0.01

Laboratory measurement

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

13.1 (1.5, 58.6)

4.4 (1.5, 11.7)

61.6 (42.8, 117.5)

< 0.001

 Lymphocyte count, × 10⁹/L

0.8 (0.6, 1.2)

1.2 (0.9, 1.4)

0.5 (0.4, 0.7)

< 0.001

 Neutrophil cell count, ×10⁹/L

6.1 (4.3, 9.3)

5.1 (4.1, 6.2)

8.7 (5.1, 12.7)

0.02

 White blood cell count, ×10⁹/L

4.4 (3.1, 7.6)

3.1 (2.5, 4.5)

7.2 (4.3, 11.7)

0.001

 CD4+, cell/μl

431 (253, 725)

589 (422.5, 924)

158 (97.8, 329.8)

< 0.001

 CD8+, cell/μl

223 (130.5, 424.5)

353 (208.5, 500)

104.5 (48.8, 163.2)

< 0.001

 IL-6, pg/mL

1.4 (0, 10.5)

0 (0, 1.6)

20.3 (6.6, 60.9)

< 0.001

 IL-10, peg/mL

0.4 (0.3, 0.9)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

1.1 (0.5, 2.7)

< 0.001

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

336 (207.8, 508.2)

209 (179, 257)

512 (455.5, 605.5)

< 0.001

Antivirals during hospitalization (%)

 Lopinavir/ritonavir

10 (15.9)

2 (5.1)

8 (33.3)

0.005

 Arborol

15 (23.8)

4 (10.3)

11 (45.8)

0.002

 Hydroxychloroquine

35 (55.6)

26 (66.7)

9 (37.5)

0.04

 Interferon

20 (31.7)

15 (38.5)

5 (20.8)

0.17

Antibiotics during hospitalization (%)

 Moxifloxacin

13 (20.6)

3 (7.7)

10 (41.7)

0.003

 Other antibiotics

7 (11.1)

1 (2.6)

6 (25.0)

0.01

Tracheal intubation (%)

14 (22.2)

0 (0.0)

14 (58.3)

<  0.001

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (%)

8 (12.7)

0 (0.0)

8 (33.3)

<  0.001