Table 1 The long list of outcomes used in post-COVID-19 condition studies

Death

1. Mortality/survival

All-cause mortality

Physiological/clinical

2. Blood and lymphatic system outcomes

Sustained prothrombotic changes

Anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio changes

Changes in inflammatory markers

Changes in serum creatine kinase (CK)

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Changes in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)

Electrolytes changes

3. Cardiac outcomes

Angina pectoris

Acute coronary disease

Heart rhythm issues

Heart failure

Palpitations

Chest tightness

Newly diagnosed hypertension

Myocardial fibrosis

Myo- or pericarditis

Changes in cardiovascular fitness

Signal variations in the electrocardiogram (ECG)

High blood pressure

4. Endocrine outcomes

Diabetes mellitus

Worsening control of existing diabetes (T1/T2)

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Hyperlipidaemia

Subacute thyroiditis

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression

5. Ear and labyrinth outcomes

Tinnitus

Hearing problems

6. Eye outcomes

Visual disturbance

Red eyes/eye irritation

Conjunctivitis

Dry eye disease

Sicca syndrome

7. Gastrointestinal outcomes

Nausea or vomiting

Diarrhoea

Gastritis

Dyspepsia

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Dysphagia

Bloody stool

Enrichment of opportunistic organisms and depletion of beneficial commensals

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Constipation

8. General outcomes

Fatigue

Fever

Malaise

Weakness

New daytime sweating

New night sweats

Flushing

Loss of appetite

Hair loss

Unspecified pain

Sleep disorder

Chest pain

Breathlessness

Sleep apnea

Voice change

Abdominal pain

Faints

Limb oedema

Dry mouth

Dental issues

9. Hepatobiliary outcomes

Chronic liver disease

Liver function test changes

10. Immune system outcomes

Hyperinflammatory state-induced SARS-CoV-2

Post-MIS-C: coronary artery aneurysm, neurologic (headache, encephalopathy, stroke and seizure) complications

11. Infection and infestation outcomes

Prolonged viral faecal shedding

Tuberculosis

12. Metabolism and nutrition outcomes

Unintentional weight loss

Unintentional weight gain

New-onset bone demineralisation

Unintentional change in body constitution

13. Musculoskeletal and connective tissue outcomes

Myalgia

Arthralgia

Limb pain—upper or lower

Muscle atrophy

Changes in neuromuscular performance during resistance exercise

Dorsal/low back pain

14. Outcomes relating to neoplasms: benign, malignant, and unspecified (including cysts and polyps)

Worsening of pre-existing cancer/neoplasm

15. Nervous system outcomes

Dizziness

Headache

Stroke

Autonomic dysfunction

Tremors

Seizures

Taste disturbance

Smell disturbance

Bradykinesia

Dysmetria

Speech difficulty/dysarthria

Numbness

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Abnormal reflex status

Trigeminal neuralgia

Neuralgia/neuropathy

Frontal release signs

Parkinsonism

Problems with balance

Encephalitis

Brain physiology changes

Restless legs

Abnormal muscle tone

16. Renal and urinary outcomes

New-onset bladder incontinence

Acute kidney injury

Chronic kidney disease

Urinary tract infections

Problems passing urine

Microhaematuria

Renal function tests change

COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN)

17. Reproductive system and breast outcomes

Dysmenorrhea

Erectile dysfunction

Semen/sperm changes

Infertility

18. Psychiatric outcomes

Depression

Anxiety

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Acute stress discorder

Mood change

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Behaviour change

Thoughts of self-harm/suicide

Risk to self and/or others

Psychosis

Traumatic bereavement

Substance abuse

Smoking habit

Hallucinations

19. Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal outcomes

Sore throat

Sneezing

New-onset Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Excessive sputum expectoration

Nasal congestion

Catarrh

Wheezing

Cough

Lung fibrosis

Pleurisy

Pleural effusion

Pain on breathing

Pulmonary function abnormalities

Hypoxaemia

Respiratory failure

Respiratory disease

Bronchiectasis

Asthma

20. Skin and subcutaneous tissue outcomes

Ulcers

Skin rash

21. Vascular outcomes

Thromboembolism

Venous thrombosis

Pulmonary and systemic vascular disease

22. Congenital, familial, and genetic outcomes

23. Pregnancy and puerperium and perinatal outcomes, including breastfeeding and weaning

Life impact

24. Physical functioning

Post-exertional malaise

Impaired mobility

Walking/gait abnormality

Problems with usual activities

25. Social functioning

COVID-related relationship issues

26. Role functioning

Functioning

Work/occupational function changes

27. Emotional functioning/well-being

Demoralisation symptoms

Coping issues

Low mood

Burnout

Perceived stigma/discrimination

Worry about infecting others

Worry about invasion of privacy

Need for accurate information from the government

Fear of no full recovery

28. Cognitive functioning

Confusion

Concentration impairment

Memory impairment

29. Global quality of life

Reduced quality of life

Reduction in health-related quality of life scores

30. Perceived health status

Illness perceptions

31. Delivery of care

Lack of information/uncertain prognosis

Difficulty accessing and navigating services

Difficulty being taken seriously/achieving a diagnosis

Variation in standards (e.g. inconsistent criteria for seeing, investigating, and referring patients)

Variable quality of the therapeutic relationship

32. Personal circumstances

Self-care ability

COVID-related life issues such as debt, unemployment, and family relationships

Personal finances difficulties

Resource use

33. Economic

Health economic

34. Hospital

Post-intensive care syndrome

35. Need for further intervention

Hospital readmission

Further healthcare contact

Lung transplantation

Oxygen dependence

RRT requirement

Need for regular medical check-ups after discharge

Need for psychiatric service

36. Societal/carer burden

Care dependency

Carer burden

Adverse events

37. Adverse events/effects

Vaccination adverse effects

Adverse effects of prednisolone