Skip to main content

Table 2 Effect of the selfBACK system on RMDQ and other core outcomes, stratified by multimorbidity status

From: Multimorbidity and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain do not modify the effect of the selfBACK app on low back pain-related disability

 

No multimorbidity (LBP only)

Multimorbidity (LBP + ≥1 LTC)

 

Mean (SD)a

Mean (SD)a

 

Outcome

Usual care (n = 68)

selfBACK (n = 81)

Adjustedb mean difference (95% CI)

Usual care (n = 161)

selfBACK (n = 151)

Adjustedb mean difference (95% CI)

Pinteraction

RMDQ (0–24)

 Baseline

9.5 (4.4)

 

10.9 (4.4)

  

 3 months

5.7 (4.5)

5.7 (4.8)

− 0.1 (− 1.4 to 1.2)

8.2 (5.5)

7.2 (4.7)

− 1.0 (− 1.9 to − 0.2)

0.25

 9 months

5.1 (4.5)

4.3 (4.9)

− 0.9 (− 2.3 to 0.5)

7.6 (5.8)

6.9 (5.3)

− 0.8 (− 1.7 to 0.1)

0.81

EQ-5D (0–1)

 Baseline

0.72 (0.14)

 

0.69 (0.12)

  

 3 months

0.78 (0.10)

0.77 (0.13)

− 0.00 (− 0.04 to 0.03)

0.73 (0.14)

0.75 (0.11)

0.02 (− 0.0 to 0.05)

0.25

 9 months

0.82 (0.12)

0.83 (0.10)

0.01 (− 0.03 to 0.06)

0.73 (0.14)

0.76 (0.13)

0.03 (0.0 to 0.05)

0.66

PSS (0–40)

 Baseline

13.9 (6.9)

 

15.36 (6.8)

  

 3 months

13.8 (6.8)

12.6 (6.3)

− 1.1 (− 2.8 to 0.6)

15.2 (7.3)

14.5 (7.3)

− 0.6 (− 1.7 to 0.6)

0.68

 9 months

11.6 (6.5)

11.0 (5.7)

− 0.5 (− 2.3 to 1.3)

14.7 (7.1)

13.0 (7.5)

− 1.6 (− 2.8 to − 0.4)

0.28

PHQ-8 (0–24)

 Baseline

5.7 (4.6)

 

6.8 (4.2)

  

 3 months

5.1 (4.3)

5.1 (4.3)

0.1 (− 1.0 to 1.1)

6.8 (4.6)

6.1 (4.6)

− 0.6 (− 1.3 to 0.1)

0.31

 9 months

4.2 (4.4)

4.3 (3.6)

0.1 (− 1.0 to 1.3)

6.6 (4.9)

5.5 (4.4)

− 1.0 (− 1.8 to − 0.2)

0.10

General health (0–100)

 Baseline

69.3 (16.1)

 

64.7 (16.5)

  

 3 months

74.4 (15.6)

70.9(18.9)

− 3.0 (− 8.1 to 2.0)

69.0 (17.8)

70.9 (15.9)

1.8 (− 1.5 to 5.1)

0.10

 9 months

78.5 (12.9)

77.7 (16.4)

− 0.6 (− 6.0 to 4.8)

69.0 (18.5)

71.4 (15.7)

2.2 (− 1.2 to 5.6)

0.39

BIPQ (0–80)

 Baseline

42.0 (11.0)

 

45.0 (10.7)

  

 3 months

37.9 (13.0)

34.7 (15.4)

− 3.3 (− 6.8 to 0.2)

41.5 (13.5)

36.3 (13.6)

− 5.0 (− 7.2 to − 2.9)

0.39

 9 months

33.4 (17.2)

32.9 (12.6)

− 0.6 (− 4.4 to 3.1)

40.0 (13.3)

34.7 (15.8)

− 5.2 (− 7.4 to − 2.9)

0.04

PSEQ (0–60)

 Baseline

45.4 (10.7)

 

43.5 (11.2)

  

 3 months

48.9 (9.4)

50.7 (9.3)

1.8 (− 0.7 to 4.4)

45.6 (11.6)

48.4 (10.2)

2.7 (1.0 to 4.5)

0.57

 9 months

48.9 (8.7)

52.7 (7.5)

3.8 (1.0 to 6.5)

46.0 (11.5)

49.1 (10.3)

2.9 (1.1 to 4.8)

0.59

GPE (− 5 to 5)

 3 months

1.5 (2.1)

1.9 (1.9)

0.4 (− 0.2 to 1.1)

1.2 (1.8)

2.0 (1.9)

0.8 (0.3 to 1.2)

0.35

 9 months

2.0 (2.4)

2.4 (1.9)

0.5 (− 0.2 to 1.2)

1.1 (2.1)

2.1 (2.0)

0.9 (0.5 to 1.4)

0.27

 

Odds ratio

PA

 Baseline

–

–

     

 3 months

0.85

0.85

0.98 (0.53 to 1.84)

1.07

0.83

0.78 (0.50 to 1.21)

0.55

 9 months

0.86

0.95

1.11 (0.56 to 2.22)

1.01

1.19

1.19 (0.72 to 1.94)

0.84

  1. Abbreviations: RMDQ Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, LBP low back pain, LTCs long-term conditions, SD standard deviation, EQ-5D health-related quality of life, PSS Perceived Stress Scale, PHQ-8 Patient Health Questionnaire-8, BIPQ The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, PSEQ Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, GPE Patient’s Global Perceived Effect, PA physical activity
  2. aMarginal means from a crude linear mixed model, and SDs from raw data among persons with information at the specific time points
  3. bAdjusted for country, recruiting clinician, education (< 10, 10–12, > 12 years), pain duration at baseline (≤ 4, 5–12, > 12 weeks), pain intensity as baseline (0–10 scale), sex (female vs male), and age (years)
Back to article page

BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

Contact us