Fig. 3
Results from the nonlinear Mendelian randomization investigation by fractional polynomial model. We used the fractional polynomial model of the degree 2 model with 100 strata. The base model included the adjusted covariates of age, sex, and the first 10 genetic principal components. The risk of MI according to creatinine-based eGFR or cystatin C-based eGFR, calculated by the CKD-EPI equation, was investigated in 321,024 individuals (12,205 MI cases). The clinical covariate-adjusted model was adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure values, hypertension medication history, hemoglobin A1c level, history of diabetes diagnosis, levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, dyslipidemia medication history, and urine microalbumin. The sensitivity analysis was performed in 245,398 individuals (9128 MI cases) with complete information for the covariates. The black dots indicate the reference eGFR values (eGFR: 90.0 mL/min/1.73 m2)