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Fig. 3 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Enhanced intestinal protein fermentation in schizophrenia

Fig. 3

Enhanced amino acids catabolism in SZ patients. A The relative abundance of each enzyme accounting for amino acid decarboxylation, transamination, and deamination (left panel) and the sum abundance of each category (right panel) normalization by %P in SZ and HC samples. The color in the heatmap is normalized by Z-score. B The fecal concentrations of amino acid derivatives normalized by daily protein intake in SZ and HC samples. C, D Plasma and fecal concentrations of urea (C) and BSCFAs (D) normalized by daily protein intake in HC and SZ samples. E The total abundance of amino acid biosynthesis pathways (left panel) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthases (right panel) in HC and SZ samples. ****p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. F ROC curve of the diagnostic models based on the abundance of amino acid biosynthesis pathways (left panel) and aminoacyl-tRNA synthases (right panel). KYN, kynurenine; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; BSCFA, branched short-chain fatty acid. HC, healthy controls; SZ, patients with schizophrenia; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test

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