From: Enhanced intestinal protein fermentation in schizophrenia
Variable | Schizophrenia (n=100) | healthy controls (n=53) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age, means (SD) | 43.11 (9.81) | 48.92 (12.95) | 0.005 |
Education year, means (SD) | 7.80 (2.79) | 9.34 (3.29) | 0.003 |
Height, means (SD) | 1.64 (0.07) | 1.64 (0.08) | 0.645 |
weight, means (SD) | 60.53 (7.86) | 65.04 (8.20) | 0.001 |
BMI, means (SD) | 22.59 (2.44) | 24.11 (2.45) | <0.001 |
Female, No. (%) | 34 (34) | 21 (39.6) | 0.490 |
Married, No. (%) | 39 (39) | 48 (90.6) | <0.001 |
Smoking, No. (%) | 0 | 11 (20.8) | <0.001 |
Drinking, No. (%) | 0 | 10 (18.9) | <0.001 |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L, means (SD) | 4.26 (0.65) | 4.40 (0.35) | 0.252 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L, means (SD) | 1.06 (0.83) | 1.07 (0.33) | 0.888 |
Cholesterol, mmol/L, means (SD) | 3.80 (0.74) | 3.77 (0.85) | 0.844 |
Course of disease, years, means (SD) | 13.35 (8.53) | NA | NA |
Monotherapy , No. (%) | 81 (81) | NA | NA |
Equivalent dose of chlorpromazine, means (SD) | 246.00 (179.51) | NA | NA |
Positive syndrome score, means (SD) | 17.45 (5.56) | NA | NA |
Negative syndrome score, means (SD) | 24.36 (7.26) | NA | NA |
General syndrome score, means (SD) | 39.76 (5.88) | NA | NA |
PANSS total score, means (SD) | 81.51 (10.95) | NA | NA |
Dietary characteristics, means (SD) | |||
Energy, kcal/day | 1595.03 (106.97) | 1817.25 (295.00) | <0.001 |
Water, g/day | 982.15 (32.53) | 996.84 (122.75) | 0.396 |
Protein, g/day | 58.15 (8.16) | 97.57 (19.67) | <0.001 |
Fat, g/day | 82.31 (8.52) | 83.95 (26.04) | 0.658 |
Carbohydrate, g/day | 155.27 (9.74) | 167.76 (20.86) | <0.001 |
P% | 14.59 (1.9) | 21.42 (2.6) | <0.001 |
F% | 20.6 (0.9) | 18.18 (2.7) | <0.001 |
C% | 39.0 (2.2) | 37.6 (6.8) | 0.16 |
Dietary fiber, g | 12.84 (1.61) | 16.37 (2.65) | <0.001 |
Retinol equivalent, μg | 788.98 (84.04) | 841.69 (143.98) | 0.017 |
Vitamin B1, mg | 0.78 (0.06) | 1.13 (0.27) | <0.001 |
Vitamin B2, mg | 0.96 (0.05) | 1.49 (0.42) | <0.001 |
Vitamin PP, mg | 20.46 (2.98) | 21.32 (3.98) | 0.173 |
Vitamin E, mg | 18.56 (3.95) | 26.87 (8.62) | <0.001 |
Na, mg | 1260.04 (188.79) | 2118.78 (449.25) | <0.001 |
Ca, mg | 432.72 (31.07) | 543.71 (134.25) | <0.001 |
Fe, mg | 17.75 (5.22) | 25.58 (5.32) | <0.001 |
Vitamin C, mg | 119.39 (5.48) | 114.46 (8.46) | <0.001 |
Cholesterol, mg | 471.40 (39.49) | 805.65 (277.21) | <0.001 |