Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients at study enrollment
| Â | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | Total, N = 2092 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
≥ 50, N = 1386 (66.3%) | < 50, N = 706 (33.7%) | |||
Age, years | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 71.4 (7.6) | 80.3 (5.8) | 74.4 (8.2) | < .001 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 72.0 (67.0, 77.0) | 81.0 (77.0, 84.0) | 75.0 (69.0, 80.0) | |
Male | 1186 (85.6%) | 466 (66.0%) | 1652 (79.0%) | < .001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 25.4 (3.6) | 22.7 (3.2) | 24.5 (3.7) | < .001 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 24.9 (23.1, 27.3) | 22.5 (20.5, 24.7) | 24.2 (22.0, 26.6) | |
 BMI > 24.5 kg/m2 | 791 (57.1%) | 207 (29.3%) | 998 (47.7%) | < .001 |
SBP | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 126.9 (15.4) | 124.8 (16.9) | 126.2 (15.9) | .004 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 127.0 (117.0, 136.0) | 125.0 (113.0, 135.0) | 126.0 (116.0, 136.0) |  |
 SBP > 140 mmHg | 308 (22.2%) | 143 (20.3%) | 451 (21.6%) | .301 |
DBP | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 72.8 (11.5) | 68.5 (11.8) | 71.4 (11.8) | < .001 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 72.0 (65.0, 80.0) | 69.0 (60.0, 77.0) | 70.0 (63.0, 80.0) | |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 74.3 (21.8) | 38.7 (7.9) | 62.3 (24.9) | < .001 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 68.6 (59.1, 82.8) | 39.7 (33.7, 45.2) | 58.9 (45.0, 74.6) | |
Hemoglobin | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 13.9 (1.6) | 12.6 (1.7) | 13.5 (1.7) | < .001 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 14.0 (13.0, 15.0) | 12.6 (11.4, 13.8) | 13.6 (12.4, 14.7) | |
Current smoker | 207 (14.9%) | 70 (9.9%) | 277 (13.2%) | .001 |
Type of AF | ||||
 Permanent | 456 (32.9%) | 217 (30.7%) | 673 (32.2%) | .206 |
 Paroxysmal | 728 (52.5%) | 366 (51.8%) | 1094 (52.3%) | |
 Persistent | 202 (14.6%) | 123 (17.4%) | 325 (15.5%) | |
Comorbid conditions | ||||
 Hypertension | 1201 (86.7%) | 593 (84.0%) | 1794 (85.8%) | .100 |
 Diabetes | 625 (45.1%) | 253 (35.8%) | 878 (42.0%) | < .001 |
 Dyslipidemia | 985 (71.1%) | 465 (65.9%) | 1450 (69.3%) | .015 |
 Angina | 857 (61.8%) | 457 (64.7%) | 1314 (62.8%) | .195 |
 Heart failure | 420 (30.3%) | 336 (47.6%) | 756 (36.1%) | < .001 |
 Liver dysfunction | 29 (2.1%) | 8 (1.1%) | 37 (1.8%) | .116 |
 Kidney dysfunction | 4 (0.3%) | 13 (1.8%) | 17 (0.8%) | < .001 |
 Bleeding dysfunction | 16 (1.2%) | 14 (2.0%) | 30 (1.4%) | .132 |
CHADS2 score | ||||
 0 | 5 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.2%) | < .001 |
 1 | 376 (27.1%) | 58 (8.2%) | 434 (20.7%) | |
 2 | 497 (35.9%) | 240 (34.0%) | 737 (35.2%) | |
 3 | 311 (22.4%) | 218 (30.9%) | 529 (25.3%) | |
 4 | 135 (9.7%) | 124 (17.6%) | 259 (12.4%) | |
 5 | 52 (3.8%) | 51 (7.2%) | 103 (4.9%) | |
 6 | 10 (0.7%) | 15 (2.1%) | 25 (1.2%) | |
 Mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.9 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.2) | < .001 |
 Median (Q1, Q3) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) | |
Past history | ||||
 Stroke | 178 (12.8%) | 122 (17.3%) | 300 (14.3%) | .006 |
 Transient ischemic attack | 34 (2.5%) | 11 (1.6%) | 45 (2.2%) | .182 |
 Myocardial infarction | 468 (33.8%) | 262 (37.1%) | 730 (34.9%) | .129 |
 Aortic aneurism | 45 (3.2%) | 26 (3.7%) | 71 (3.4%) | .603 |
 Systemic thrombosis | 7 (0.5%) | 3 (0.4%) | 10 (0.5%) | .802 |
 Deep vein thrombosis | 9 (0.6%) | 4 (0.6%) | 13 (0.6%) | .820 |
 Pulmonary embolism | 5 (0.4%) | 2 (0.3%) | 7 (0.3%) | .772 |
 Peripheral artery disease | 64 (4.6%) | 68 (9.6%) | 132 (6.3%) | < .001 |
 Other ischemic diseases | 127 (9.2%) | 57 (8.1%) | 184 (8.8%) | .405 |
 Other bleeding diseases | 33 (2.4%) | 22 (3.1%) | 55 (2.6%) | .320 |
Intervention | ||||
 PCI/CABG | 1047 (75.5%) | 555 (78.6%) | 1602 (76.6%) | .117 |
 Others | 186 (13.4%) | 74 (10.5%) | 260 (12.4%) | .054 |
Drugs | ||||
 Monotherapy | 700 (50.5%) | 353 (50.0%) | 1053 (50.3%) | .827 |
 Combination therapy | 686 (49.5%) | 353 (50.0%) | 1039 (49.7%) | |
Antiplatelet drug | ||||
 Aspirin | 506 (36.5%) | 253 (35.8%) | 759 (36.3%) | .762 |
 Clopidogrel | 171 (12.3%) | 99 (14.0%) | 270 (12.9%) | .277 |
 Prasugrel | 14 (1.0%) | 4 (0.6%) | 18 (0.9%) | .299 |
 Ticlopidine | 2 (0.1%) | 2 (0.3%) | 4 (0.2%) | .491 |
Anticoagulant drug | ||||
 Rivaroxaban | 1379 (99.5%) | 697 (98.7%) | 2076 (99.2%) | .056 |
  10 mga | 357 (25.9%) | 598 (84.7%) | 955 (46.0%) | < .001 |
  15 mga | 1022 (73.7%) | 97 (13.7%) | 1119 (53.5%) | |
 Warfarin | 3 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.1%) | .216 |
 Dabigatran | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | .475 |
 Apixaban | 3 (0.2%) | 3 (0.4%) | 6 (0.3%) | .399 |
 Edoxaban | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.1%) | .047 |
Total number of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant drugs | ||||
 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.4%) | 3 (0.1%) | .073 |
 1 | 682 (49.2%) | 339 (48.0%) | 1021 (48.8%) |  |
 2 | 511 (36.9%) | 254 (36.0%) | 765 (36.6%) |  |
 3 | 189 (13.6%) | 105 (14.9%) | 294 (14.1%) |  |
 4 | 4 (0.3%) | 5 (0.7%) | 9 (0.4%) |  |
Proton pump inhibitor | 848 (61.2%) | 435 (61.6%) | 1283 (61.3%) | .848 |