Level a | Overall | Non-COPD case | COPD case | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total number | 266,280 | 259,846 | 6434 | – |
Follow-up duration (year) | 10.64 (1.34) | 10.65 (1.33) | 10.36 (1.78) | <0.001 |
Age (year) | 55.93 (8.08) | 55.81 (8.08) | 61.16 (6.50) | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 136,199 (51.15) | 133,445 (51.36) | 2754 (42.80) | <0.001 |
 Male | 130,081 (48.85) | 126,401 (48.64) | 3680 (57.20) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Nonwhite | 11,852 (4.45) | 11,682 (4.50) | 170 (2.64) | <0.001 |
 White | 254,428 (95.55) | 248,164 (95.50) | 6264 (97.36) |  |
Household income (£) | ||||
 Less than 18,000 | 49,790 (18.70) | 47,325 (18.21) | 2465 (38.31) | <0.001 |
 18,000 to 30,999 | 65,324 (24.53) | 63,385 (24.39) | 1939 (30.14) |  |
 31,000 to 51,999 | 72,779 (27.33) | 71,571 (27.54) | 1208 (18.78) |  |
 52,000 to 100,000 | 61,171 (22.97) | 60,482 (23.28) | 689 (10.71) |  |
 Greater than 100,000 | 17,216 (6.47) | 17,083 (6.57) | 133 (2.07) |  |
Smoking status | ||||
 Never | 157,380 (59.10) | 155,431 (59.82) | 1949 (30.29) | <0.001 |
 Previous | 100,909 (37.90) | 96,756 (37.24) | 4153 (64.55) |  |
 Current | 7991 (3.00) | 7659 (2.95) | 332 (5.16) |  |
BMI level | ||||
 Normal | 87,535 (32.87) | 86,085 (33.13) | 1450 (22.54) | <0.001 |
 Underweight | 1046 (0.39) | 1015 (0.39) | 31 (0.48) |  |
 Overweight | 115,818 (43.49) | 113,205 (43.57) | 2613 (40.61) |  |
 Obese | 61,881 (23.24) | 59,541 (22.91) | 2340 (36.37) |  |
Intake alcohol | ||||
 Never | 17,322 (6.51) | 16,753 (6.45) | 569 (8.84) | <0.001 |
 Occasional | 54,536 (20.48) | 53,073 (20.42) | 1463 (22.74) |  |
 Moderate | 136,262 (51.17) | 133,417 (51.34) | 2845 (44.22) |  |
 Heavy | 58,160 (21.84) | 56,603 (21.78) | 1557 (24.20) |  |
PA MET (minute) | 2618.74 (2640.64) | 2619.42 (2635.74) | 2591.50 (2831.24) | 0.40 |
Self-reported PA level | ||||
 Low | 49,102 (18.44) | 47,607 (18.32) | 1495 (23.24) | <0.001 |
 Moderate | 109,332 (41.06) | 106,802 (41.10) | 2530 (39.32) |  |
 High | 107,846 (40.50) | 105,437 (40.58) | 2409 (37.44) |  |
Education attainment | ||||
 Any school degree | 103,206 (38.76) | 101,080 (38.90) | 2126 (33.04) | <0.001 |
 College education | 102,387 (38.45) | 100,944 (38.85) | 1443 (22.43) |  |
 Vocational qualifications | 16,690 (6.27) | 16,082 (6.19) | 608 (9.45) |  |
 Other | 43,997 (16.52) | 41,740 (16.06) | 2257 (35.08) |  |
Fruit and vegetable intake | ||||
 Low | 71,338 (26.79) | 69,503 (26.75) | 1835 (28.52) | 0.007 |
 Moderate | 138,311 (51.94) | 135,051 (51.97) | 3260 (50.67) |  |
 High | 56,631 (21.27) | 55,292 (21.28) | 1339 (20.81) |  |
Employment status | ||||
 Paid | 167,651 (62.96) | 165,175 (63.57) | 2476 (38.48) | <0.001 |
 Retired | 80,759 (30.33) | 77,426 (29.80) | 3333 (51.80) |  |
 Unpaid | 17,870 (6.71) | 17,245 (6.64) | 625 (9.71) |  |
Townsend deprivation index | − 1.63 (2.86) | − 1.65 (2.85) | − 0.92 (3.19) | <0.001 |
PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 9.94 (1.04) | 9.93 (1.04) | 10.08 (1.08) | <0.001 |