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Table 1 Characteristics of women with and without premenstrual disorders (PMDs), number (%) or mean±standard deviation

From: Association between adverse childhood experiences and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 11,973 women

 

No PMDs

PMDs

All

8732

3235

Age (mean±SD)*

36.2±9.4

34.0±9.1

Childhood deprivation*

 Never

7172 (82)

2211 (68)

 Rarely

795 (9)

402 (12)

 Sometimes

532 (6)

403 (12)

 Often

224 (3)

213 (7)

 Unknown

9 (0)

6 (0)

Educational level*

 Primary

772 (9)

530 (16)

 Secondary school

2099 (24)

916 (28)

 College or equivalent

3050 (35)

1004 (31)

 Postgraduate

2480 (28)

628 (19)

 Unknown

331 (4)

157 (5)

Monthly income (USD)*

 ≤$2527

2432 (28)

1305 (40)

 $2528–$4212

2525 (29)

998 (31)

 $4213–$5897

2150 (25)

569 (18)

 ≥$5898

1357 (16)

264 (8)

 Unknown

268 (3)

99 (3)

Employment status*

 Employed

7687 (88)

2628 (81)

 Unemployed

1016 (12)

583 (18)

 Unknown

29 (0)

24 (1)

Marital status

 Single/divorced/widowed

2044 (23)

803 (25)

 Married/in a relationship

6665 (76)

2413 (75)

 Unknown

23 (0)

19 (1)

Age at menarche, years*

 <10

114 (1)

80 (2)

 10–11

1524 (17)

697 (22)

 12–13

4324 (50)

1556 (48)

 14–15

2409 (28)

784 (24)

 ≥16

361 (4)

118 (4)

Parity*

 0

2652 (30)

1148 (35)

 1

1425 (16)

542 (17)

 2

2316 (27)

762 (24)

 3

1717 (20)

549 (17)

 4

388 (4)

147 (5)

 ≥5

62 (1)

35 (1)

 Unknown

172 (2)

52 (2)

Excessive drinking*

 No

7079 (81)

2354 (72)

 Yes

1629 (19)

869 (27)

 Unknown

24 (0)

12 (0)

Smoking*

 Never

5212 (60)

1491 (46)

 Ever

2339 (27)

1075 (33)

 Current

1115 (13)

639 (20)

 Unknown

66 (1)

30 (1)

BMI, kg/m2*

 <18.5

103 (1)

48 (1)

 18.5 to 24.9

3514 (40)

1063 (33)

 25 to 29.9

2609 (30)

925 (29)

 ≥30

2259 (26)

1083 (33)

 Unknown

247 (3)

116 (4)

Depressiona*

 No

6972 (80)

1156 (36)

 Yes

1756 (20)

2077 (64)

Anxietyb*

 No

7368 (84)

1580 (49)

 Yes

1361 (16)

1654 (51)

PTSDc*

 No

7080 (84)

1558 (49)

 Yes

1383 (16)

1647 (51)

Current social supportd*

 Low

1487 (17)

950 (29)

 Medium

4425 (51)

1678 (52)

 High

2768 (32)

582 (18)

 Unknown

52 (1)

25 (1)

  1. BMI, body mass index; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder
  2. *p<0.001
  3. aDepressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 with a score of ≥ 10 points as the cutoff for a probable case
  4. bAnxiety symptoms were assessed with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) with a score of ≥ 10 as the cutoff for a probable case
  5. cPTSD was assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with a score of ≥ 33 as the cutoff for a probable case
  6. dCurrent perceived social support was assessed by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and categorized with quartiles (Q) (low, 1Q; medium, 2Q–3Q; high, 4Q)
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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