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Table 5 Associations between accumulative number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and premenstrual disorders (PMDs), stratified by childhood deprivation, psychiatric comorbidities and social support

From: Association between adverse childhood experiences and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 11,973 women

 

Women, N

PMDs, N (%)

PR (95% CI)a

By PTSD

 No

8640

1558 (18)

1.12 (1.10–1.14)

 Yes

3034

1647 (54)

1.03 (1.02–1.05)

 P for interaction

  

<0.001

By anxiety

 No

8951

1580 (18)

1.14 (1.12–1.16)

 Yes

3018

1654 (55)

1.03 (1.02–1.05)

 P for interaction

  

<0.001

By depression

 No

8130

1156 (14)

1.12 (1.10–1.14)

 Yes

3837

2077 (54)

1.04 (1.03–1.06)

 P for interaction

  

<0.001

By childhood deprivation

 Never or rarely

10,585

2613 (25)

1.14 (1.13–1.16)

 Sometimes or often

1373

616 (45)

1.05 (1.03–1.07)

 P for interaction

  

<0.001

By social support

 Low

3351

582 (17)

1.15 (1.12–1.18)

 Medium

6104

1678 (27)

1.11 (1.09–1.12)

 High

2441

950 (39)

1.07 (1.06–1.09)

 P for interaction

  

<0.001

  1. N, number; PR, prevalence ratio; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder
  2. aThe estimates were adjusted for age at survey, childhood deprivation (except for when stratifying on childhood deprivation), educational level, marital status, employment status, income, age at menarche, parity, alcohol intake, smoking status, and BMI