Fig. 1

Estimates given as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the effect of childhood- and adult-onset asthma on peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Estimates were derived by the inverse-variance weighted method with modified second-order weights. Reported P-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Gray estimates represent the results before and black estimates the results after outlier-removal. PUD, peptic ulcer disease; GORD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease