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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)

Fig. 2

Combined IgG, IgA and IgM anti-Spike titres in seropositive participants by ethnicity, frontline worker status and COVID-19 severity. Notes: Log-transformed anti-Spike IgGAM ratios are shown for all seropositive participants (n = 1774) by ethnic group (A), frontline worker status (B), and COVID-19 severity (C), with horizontal lines showing median and IQR. A ‘Black’ indicates people who self-identified their ethnic origin as Black, Black British, African or Caribbean. ‘Asian’ indicates people who self-identified their ethnic origin as Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi (South Asian). ‘Mixed or other’ indicates people who self-identified their ethnic origin as mixed, multiple or other. C COVID-19 severity was classified as ‘asymptomatic’ (non-hospitalised participants who either did not report any symptoms of acute respiratory infection, or whose symptoms were classified as having < 50% probability of being due to COVID-19), ‘symptomatic, not hospitalised’ (non-hospitalised participants reporting symptoms of acute respiratory infection that were classified as having ≥50% probability of being due to COVID-19) and ‘hospitalised’ (participants hospitalised for treatment of COVID-19). Abbreviations: IgGAM  IgG, IgA, and IgM combined, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01,  ***p < 0.001, ns  p ≥ 0.05

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