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Table 4 Associations between asthma and height by use of inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS)

From: The influence of childhood asthma on adult height: evidence from the UK Biobank

 

ICS use (n = 24,864)

No ICS use (n = 68,493)

 

Outcome: attained adult height (cm)

 

No. of individuals

Mean (SD)

β (95% CI)a

No. of individuals

Mean (SD)

β (95% CI)a

p for differencee

Unexposed group

21,795

169 (9.26)

0 (ref)

60,096

170 (9.19)

0 (ref)

 

Exposed group, by age at asthma diagnosis (years)

 ≤ 6

1325

169 (9.47)

− 0.85 (− 1.19~− 0.51)

3199

170 (9.13)

− 0.59 (− 0.81~− 0.37)

0.208

 7–12

1046

171 (9.55)

− 0.61 (− 0.99~− 0.23)

3269

171 (9.31)

− 0.28 (− 0.5~− 0.07)

0.141

 13–18

698

168 (9.63)

− 0.41 (− 0.87~0.06)

1929

170 (9.33)

− 0.17 (− 0.45~0.11)

0.382

p for trendf

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

0.035

Outcome: individual height deviation (%)c

 

No. of individuals

Mean (SD)

β (95% CI)a

No. of individuals

Mean (SD)

β (95% CI)a

p for differencee

Unexposed group

21,795

− 3.75 (34.6)

0 (ref)

60,096

− 2.93 (34.6)

0 (ref)

 

Exposed group, by age at asthma diagnosis (years)

 ≤ 6

1325

− 4.16 (34.3)

− 2.32 (− 3.82~− 0.82)

3199

− 3.63 (34.5)

− 1.68 (− 2.64~− 0.72)

0.481

 7–12

1046

0.38 (33.3)

− 1.44 (− 3.12~0.24)

3269

1.31 (35.1)

− 0.13 (− 1.09~0.82)

0.185

 13–18

698

− 6.57 (37.3)

− 0.88 (− 2.92~1.16)

1929

− 2.55 (35.1)

0.76 (− 0.47~1.98)

0.119

p for trendf

  

0.014

  

0.991

0.243

Outcome: height deficit (yes or no)d

 

No. of individuals with height deficit/no. of total individuals (%)

OR (95% CI)b

No. of individuals with height deficit/no. of total individuals (%)

OR (95% CI)b

p for differencee

Unexposed group

11,839 (54.32)

1(ref)

31,863 (53.02)

1(ref)

 

Exposed group, by age at asthma diagnosis (years)

 ≤ 6

732 (55.25)

1.29 (1.12–1.48)

1706 (53.33)

1.10 (1.01–1.21)

0.060

 7–12

508 (48.57)

1.04 (0.89–1.21)

1563 (47.81)

1.02 (0.93–1.11)

0.830

 13–18

394 (56.45)

0.98 (0.81–1.19)

1025 (53.14)

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

1.00

p for trendf

 

0.215

 

0.815

0.059

  1. SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, ICS inhaled glucocorticoids
  2. aβ were estimates derived from the linear mixed-effect models stratified by matching identifiers (birth year, sex, and recruitment center) and adjusted for birth weight, Townsend deprivation index, education level, and annual household income
  3. bORs (95% CI) were derived from the conditional logistic regression models stratified by matching identifiers (birth year, sex, and recruitment center), and adjusted for birth weight, Townsend deprivation index, education level, and annual household income
  4. cIndividual height deviation (%): calculated by (rank of attained adult height-rank of genetically determined height)/149,610 × 100
  5. dHeight deficit: for an individual, rank of attained adult height < rank of genetically determined height (yes or no)
  6. eThe statistical significance of the difference between sexes was assessed by including an interaction term in the linear and logistic regression models
  7. fp values for dose-response trends were calculated by fitting ordinal exposure variables as continuous terms into the linear and logistic models