|
Age (years), mean (SD)
|
68.50 (0.53)
|
68.22 (0.94)
|
68.68 (0.62)
|
0.670
|
|
Sex, N (%)
| | | |
0.746
|
|
Male
|
271
|
70.39
|
107
|
71.33
|
164
|
69.79
| |
|
Female
|
114
|
29.61
|
43
|
28.67
|
71
|
30.21
| |
|
Hukou types, N (%)
| | | |
0.167
|
|
Rural
|
360
|
93.51
|
137
|
91.33
|
223
|
94.89
| |
|
Urban
|
25
|
6.49
|
13
|
8.67
|
12
|
5.11
| |
|
Education, N (%)
| | | |
0.173
|
|
Illiterate
|
179
|
46.49
|
65
|
43.33
|
114
|
48.51
| |
|
Primary school
|
130
|
33.77
|
59
|
39.34
|
71
|
30.21
| |
|
Middle school or above
|
76
|
19.74
|
26
|
17.33
|
50
|
21.28
| |
|
Marital status, N (%)
| | | |
0.010
|
|
Alone
|
89
|
23.12
|
45
|
30.00
|
44
|
18.72
| |
|
Married/partnered
|
296
|
76.88
|
105
|
70.00
|
191
|
81.28
| |
|
Work types, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.518
|
|
Non-agriculture
|
24
|
6.23
|
11
|
7.33
|
13
|
5.53
| |
|
Agriculture
|
190
|
49.35
|
69
|
46.00
|
121
|
51.49
| |
|
Unemployed
|
171
|
44.42
|
70
|
46.67
|
101
|
42.98
| |
|
Life sources, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.129
|
|
Only on one’s own
|
54
|
14.03
|
16
|
10.67
|
38
|
16.17
| |
|
Have support from others
|
331
|
85.97
|
134
|
89.33
|
197
|
83.83
| |
|
Health insurance, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.125
|
|
No
|
15
|
3.90
|
3
|
2.00
|
12
|
5.11
| |
|
Yes
|
370
|
96.10
|
147
|
98.00
|
223
|
94.89
| |
|
Pure-tone average, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.990
|
|
Moderate (40 dB < PTA ≤ 60 dB)
|
114
|
29.61
|
45
|
30.00
|
69
|
29.36
| |
|
Severe (60 dB < PTA ≤ 80 dB)
|
144
|
37.40
|
56
|
37.33
|
88
|
37.45
| |
|
Profound (PTA > 80 dB)
|
127
|
32.99
|
49
|
32.67
|
78
|
33.19
| |
|
Smoking status, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.381
|
|
Smoke now
|
123
|
31.95
|
43
|
28.67
|
80
|
34.04
| |
|
Ever smoke
|
64
|
16.62
|
29
|
19.33
|
35
|
14.90
| |
|
Never smoke
|
198
|
51.43
|
78
|
52.00
|
120
|
51.06
| |
|
Drinking status, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.819
|
|
Drink now
|
112
|
29.09
|
43
|
28.67
|
69
|
29.36
| |
|
Ever drink
|
71
|
18.44
|
30
|
20.00
|
41
|
17.45
| |
|
Never drink
|
202
|
52.47
|
77
|
51.33
|
125
|
53.19
| |
|
Social activities, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.993
|
|
No
|
100
|
25.97
|
39
|
26.00
|
61
|
25.96
| |
|
At least one
|
285
|
74.03
|
111
|
74.00
|
174
|
74.04
| |
|
Social network, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.577
|
|
Restricted
|
101
|
26.23
|
37
|
24.67
|
64
|
27.23
| |
|
Active
|
284
|
73.77
|
113
|
75.33
|
171
|
72.77
| |
|
Primary outcomes
|
|
HHIE-S, mean (SD)
|
31.65
|
0.39
|
33.49
|
0.45
|
30.47
|
0.56
|
< 0.001
|
|
HHIE-S-Emotional, mean (SD)
|
14.01
|
0.24
|
15.00
|
0.30
|
13.37
|
0.34
|
0.001
|
|
HHIE-S-Situational, mean (SD)
|
17.64
|
0.20
|
18.49
|
0.22
|
17.10
|
0.29
|
< 0.001
|
|
SF-12-Physical, mean (SD)
|
40.75
|
0.43
|
40.68
|
0.70
|
40.80
|
0.54
|
0.887
|
|
SF-12-Mental, mean (SD)
|
40.01
|
0.49
|
40.99
|
0.80
|
39.39
|
0.62
|
0.112
|
|
EQ-5D-5L, mean (SD)
|
0.76
|
0.01
|
0.75
|
0.02
|
0.77
|
0.01
|
0.611
|
|
Secondary outcomes
|
|
Chronic diseases, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.114
|
|
No
|
101
|
26.23
|
46
|
30.67
|
55
|
23.40
| |
|
Yes
|
284
|
73.77
|
104
|
69.33
|
180
|
76.60
| |
|
ADLs, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.315
|
|
Unimpaired
|
295
|
76.62
|
119
|
79.33
|
176
|
74.89
| |
|
Impaired
|
90
|
23.38
|
31
|
20.67
|
59
|
25.11
| |
|
IADLs, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.076
|
|
Unimpaired
|
123
|
31.95
|
40
|
26.67
|
83
|
35.32
| |
|
Impaired
|
262
|
68.05
|
110
|
73.33
|
152
|
64.68
| |
|
Depressive symptoms, N (%)
| | | | | | |
0.453
|
|
No
|
245
|
63.64
|
92
|
61.33
|
153
|
65.11
| |
|
Yes
|
140
|
36.36
|
58
|
38.67
|
82
|
34.89
| |
|
Cognition scores measured by MMSE, mean (SD)
|
16.93
|
0.45
|
17.07
|
0.75
|
16.83
|
0.56
|
0.796
|
