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Table 2 Baseline and follow-up health outcomes of hearing-impaired middle-aged and older adults by group assignment

From: Effects of providing free hearing aids on multiple health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults with hearing loss in rural China: a randomized controlled trial

Health outcomes

Total sample (n = 385)

Treatment group (n = 150)

Control group (n = 235)

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Primary outcomes

 HHIE-S, mean (SD)

31.65 (0.39)

31.80 (0.45)

33.49 (0.45)

31.90 (0.70)

30.47 (0.56)

31.74 (0.58)

 HHIE-S-Emotional, mean (SD)

14.01 (0.24)

14.08 (0.26)

15.00 (0.30)

14.28 (0.42)

13.37 (0.34)

13.95 (0.34)

 HHIE-S-Situational, mean (SD)

17.64 (0.20)

17.72 (0.22)

18.49 (0.22)

17.61 (0.34)

17.10 (0.29)

17.79 (0.29)

 SF-12-Physical, mean (SD)

40.75 (0.43)

36.59 (0.62)

40.68 (0.70)

36.88 (0.99)

40.80 (0.54)

36.41 (0.79)

 SF-12-Mental, mean (SD)

40.01 (0.49)

45.59 (0.68)

40.99 (0.80)

45.55 (1.10)

39.39 (0.62)

45.62 (0.88)

 EQ-5D-5L, mean (SD)

0.76 (0.01)

0.74 (0.01)

0.75 (0.02)

0.74 (0.02)

0.77 (0.01)

0.74 (0.02)

Secondary outcomes

 Chronic diseases, N (%)

  No

101 (26.23)

90 (25.86)

46 (30.67)

36 (27.07)

55 (23.40)

54 (25.12)

  Yes

284 (73.77)

258 (74.14)

104 (69.33)

97 (72.93)

180 (76.60)

161 (74.88)

 ADLs, N (%)

  Unimpaired

295 (76.62)

311 (89.37)

119 (79.33)

120 (90.23)

176 (74.89)

191 (88.84)

  Impaired

90 (23.38)

37 (10.63)

31 (20.67)

13 (9.77)

59 (25.11)

24 (11.16)

 IADLs, N (%)

  Unimpaired

123 (31.95)

179 (51.14)

40 (26.67)

70 (51.85)

83 (35.32)

109 (50.70)

  Impaired

262 (68.05)

171 (48.86)

110 (73.33)

65 (48.15)

152 (64.68)

106 (49.30)

 Depressive symptoms, N (%)

  No

245 (63.64)

196 (56.00)

92 (61.33)

79 (58.52)

153 (65.11)

117 (54.42)

  Yes

140 (36.36)

154 (44.00)

58 (38.67)

56 (41.48)

82 (34.89)

98 (45.58)

 Cognition scores measured by MMSE, mean (SD)

16.93 (0.45)

17.40 (0.46)

17.07 (0.75)

17.22 (0.72)

16.83 (0.56)

17.51 (0.59)

  1. Abbreviations: HHIE-S Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version, SF-12 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, EQ-5D-5L EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level, ADLs activities of daily living, IADLs instrumental activities of daily living, MMSE Mini-Mental State Exam