|
Health outcomes
|
DID
|
|---|
|
Treatment × time coefficient
|
95% CI
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Primary outcomes
|
|
HHIE-S
|
− 2.86
|
− 4.85, − 0.86
|
0.005
|
|
HHIE-S-Emotional
|
− 1.42
|
− 2.70, − 0.15
|
0.029
|
|
HHIE-S-Situational
|
− 1.43
|
− 2.47, − 0.40
|
0.007
|
|
SF-12-Physical
|
0.67
|
− 2.86, 4.20
|
0.711
|
|
SF-12-Mental
|
− 2.23
|
− 5.93, 1.47
|
0.236
|
|
EQ-5D-5L
|
0.02
|
− 0.04, 0.08
|
0.583
|
|
Secondary outcomes
|
|
Chronic diseases
|
0.05
|
− 0.07, 0.17
|
0.426
|
|
ADLs
|
0.03
|
− 0.09, 0.14
|
0.648
|
|
IADLs
|
− 0.09
|
− 0.23, 0.04
|
0.178
|
|
Depressive symptoms
|
− 0.14
|
− 0.27, − 0.01
|
0.042
|
|
Cognition scores
|
0.08
|
− 1.76, 1.91
|
0.935
|
- All models adjusted for age, sex, hukou types, education, marital status, work types, life sources, health insurance, pure-tone average, smoking status, drinking status, social activities, and social network
- Abbreviations: HHIE-S Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version, SF-12 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, EQ-5D-5L EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level, ADLs activities of daily living, IADLs instrumental activities of daily living
