Fig. 4

Characterisation of brain involvement in TSC1 and TSC2 patients by brain MRI and TAND assessment. A The prevalence of cortical tubers, subependymal nodules (SEN) and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in the brains TSC1 vs TSC2 patients (TSC1, N = 19; TSC2, N = 46); B The prevalence of TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) and epilepsy in TSC1 vs TSC2 patients; C TAND prevalence by brain lesion type for TSC1 vs TSC2; D The prevalence of brain lesions as patients age TSC1 vs TSC2 (mean ± SEM); TSC1 vs TSC2 statistically compared with Z-score for 2 population proportions (p < 0.05 significance); MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; motor dis., motor disorders; A/D, anxiety/depression; ID, intellectual disability; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; GDD, global developmental delay; comm. dis., communication disorder; ** p < 0.01; n.s., non-significant