Age at baseline, years, mean (SD)
|
64.49(4.53)
|
56.87(8.00)
|
<0.001
|
Sex, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
Male
|
2211(53.3%)
|
159183(44.5%)
| |
Female
|
1938(46.7%)
|
198762(55.5%)
| |
Education, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
≥College or University degree
|
903(21.8%)
|
120477(33.7%)
| |
<College or University degree
|
1831(44.1%)
|
178522(49.9%)
| |
Skin color, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
White
|
3302(79.6%)
|
273585(76.4%)
| |
Colored
|
847(20.4%)
|
84352(23.6%)
| |
Use of sun/UV protection, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
No
|
625(15.1%)
|
33268(9.3%)
| |
Yes
|
3477(83.8%)
|
322624(90.1%)
| |
Do not go out in sunshine 3
|
45(1.1%)
|
2038(5.7%)
| |
Employment status, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
Yes
|
753(18.1%)
|
203004(56.7%)
| |
No
|
3396(81.9%)
|
154941(43.3%)
| |
Sleep duration, hours, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
<7
|
1070(25.8%)
|
87199(24.4%)
| |
7
|
1246(30.0%)
|
138878(38.8%)
| |
>7
|
1833(44.2%)
|
131868(36.8%)
| |
PM2.5, ug/m3, mean (SD)
|
10.04(1.05)
|
9.97(1.05)
|
<0.001
|
Fracture history, N (%)
| | |
0.348
|
Yes
|
414(10.0%)
|
34184(9.6%)
| |
No
|
3711(90.0%)
|
322213(90.4%)
| |
Vitamin D supplement, N (%)
| | |
0.092
|
Yes
|
177(4.3%)
|
13490(3.8%)
| |
No
|
3944(95.7%)
|
343441(96.2%)
| |
Hearing loss, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
Yes
|
1440(36.1%)
|
90025(26.1%)
| |
No
|
2548(63.9%)
|
254597(73.9%)
| |
Smoking status, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
Never
|
1901 (46.1%)
|
194259 (54.4%)
| |
Previous
|
1805 (43.7%)
|
126431 (35.4%)
| |
Current
|
420 (10.2%)
|
36256 (10.2%)
| |
Alcohol drinker status, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
Never
|
280 (6.8%)
|
14058 (3.9)
| |
Previous
|
295 (7.1%)
|
12469 (3.5)
| |
Current
|
3566 (86.1%)
|
331202 (92.6)
| |
CVD diagnosed by doctor, N (%)
| | |
<0.001
|
Heart disease a
|
582(14.1%)
|
16708(4.7%)
| |
Stroke
|
243(5.9%)
|
5503(1.5%)
| |
Hypertension
|
1744(42.1%)
|
98880(27.7%)
| |
TPA, MET-mins/week, mean (SD)
|
2423.34 (2875.69)
|
2449.20 (2746.68)
|
0.555
|
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)
|
27.72(4.95)
|
27.44(4.80)
|
<0.001
|
Time spent in outdoor light, hours/day, mean (SD)
|
Average
|
2.98(1.51)
|
2.51(1.45)
|
<0.001
|
Summer
|
3.99(2.05)
|
3.46(1.97)
|
<0.001
|
Winter
|
1.97(1.46)
|
1.57(1.31)
|
<0.001
|