Variables | Incident dementia | No incident dementia | P value |
---|---|---|---|
 | (N=4149) | (N=357945) |  |
Age at baseline, years, mean (SD) | 64.49(4.53) | 56.87(8.00) | <0.001 |
Sex, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Male | 2211(53.3%) | 159183(44.5%) |  |
 Female | 1938(46.7%) | 198762(55.5%) |  |
Education, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 ≥College or University degree | 903(21.8%) | 120477(33.7%) |  |
 <College or University degree | 1831(44.1%) | 178522(49.9%) |  |
Skin color, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 White | 3302(79.6%) | 273585(76.4%) |  |
 Colored | 847(20.4%) | 84352(23.6%) |  |
Use of sun/UV protection, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 625(15.1%) | 33268(9.3%) |  |
 Yes | 3477(83.8%) | 322624(90.1%) |  |
 Do not go out in sunshine 3 | 45(1.1%) | 2038(5.7%) |  |
Employment status, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Yes | 753(18.1%) | 203004(56.7%) |  |
 No | 3396(81.9%) | 154941(43.3%) |  |
Sleep duration, hours, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 <7 | 1070(25.8%) | 87199(24.4%) |  |
 7 | 1246(30.0%) | 138878(38.8%) |  |
 >7 | 1833(44.2%) | 131868(36.8%) |  |
PM2.5, ug/m3, mean (SD) | 10.04(1.05) | 9.97(1.05) | <0.001 |
Fracture history, N (%) | Â | Â | 0.348 |
 Yes | 414(10.0%) | 34184(9.6%) |  |
 No | 3711(90.0%) | 322213(90.4%) |  |
Vitamin D supplement, N (%) | Â | Â | 0.092 |
 Yes | 177(4.3%) | 13490(3.8%) |  |
 No | 3944(95.7%) | 343441(96.2%) |  |
Hearing loss, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Yes | 1440(36.1%) | 90025(26.1%) |  |
 No | 2548(63.9%) | 254597(73.9%) |  |
Smoking status, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Never | 1901 (46.1%) | 194259 (54.4%) |  |
 Previous | 1805 (43.7%) | 126431 (35.4%) |  |
 Current | 420 (10.2%) | 36256 (10.2%) |  |
Alcohol drinker status, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Never | 280 (6.8%) | 14058 (3.9) |  |
 Previous | 295 (7.1%) | 12469 (3.5) |  |
 Current | 3566 (86.1%) | 331202 (92.6) |  |
CVD diagnosed by doctor, N (%) | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Heart disease a | 582(14.1%) | 16708(4.7%) |  |
 Stroke | 243(5.9%) | 5503(1.5%) |  |
 Hypertension | 1744(42.1%) | 98880(27.7%) |  |
TPA, MET-mins/week, mean (SD) | 2423.34 (2875.69) | 2449.20 (2746.68) | 0.555 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.72(4.95) | 27.44(4.80) | <0.001 |
Time spent in outdoor light, hours/day, mean (SD) | |||
 Average | 2.98(1.51) | 2.51(1.45) | <0.001 |
 Summer | 3.99(2.05) | 3.46(1.97) | <0.001 |
 Winter | 1.97(1.46) | 1.57(1.31) | <0.001 |