White | South Asian | Black | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
Deprivation indexa | 1.17 (1.16–1.19) | < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | 0.003 | 1.16 (1.08–1.26) | 0.0002 |
Physical activity levelb | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.09 | 0.87 (0.80–0.95) | 0.04 | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 1.00 |
TV viewingb | 1.15 (1.14–1.16) | < 0.0001 | 1.11 (1.04–1.17) | 0.02 | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 0.97 |
Dietary intakeb | ||||||
Fruit and vegetable | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | < 0.0001 | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.57 | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 1.00 |
Red meat | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | < 0.0001 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 1.00 |
Processed meat | 1.11 (1.09–1.14) | < 0.0001 | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 1.00 | 1.23 (1.00–1.50) | 0.72 |
Low oily fish | 1.25 (1.21–1.29) | < 0.0001 | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.79–1.69) | 1.00 |
Smoking statusb | ||||||
Never | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||
Former | 1.20 (1.18–1.23) | < 0.0001 | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 1.00 | 1.50 (1.22–1.86) | 0.003 |
Current | 1.94 (1.89–2.00) | < 0.0001 | 1.16 (0.95–1.41) | 1.00 | 1.63 (1.27–2.10) | 0.003 |
Alcohol drinkingb | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.0007 | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 1.00 |
Adiposityc | ||||||
BMI | 1.22 (1.21–1.23) | < 0.0001 | 1.38 (1.29–1.47) | < 0.0001 | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | < 0.0001 |
Waist-hip ratio | 1.31 (1.29–1.33) | < 0.0001 | 1.43 (1.31–1.57) | < 0.0001 | 1.39 (1.23–1.58) | < 0.0001 |
Physical factorsd | ||||||
Grip strength | 0.84 (0.82–0.85) | < 0.0001 | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | 0.005 | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 1.00 |
Systolic blood pressure | 1.14 (1.13–1.16) | < 0.0001 | 1.18 (1.10–1.26) | < 0.0001 | 1.15 (1.04–1.26) | 0.03 |
Serum-based biomarkersd | ||||||
LDL-c | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.06 | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 0.98 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 1.00 |
Triglycerides | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | <0.0001 | 1.10 (1.04–1.17) | 0.003 | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 0.88 |
HbA1c | 1.12 (1.11–1.13) | < 0.0001 | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) | < 0.0001 | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 0.007 |
Cystatin C | 1.19 (1.18–1.21) | < 0.0001 | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | < 0.0001 | 1.35 (1.25–1.47) | < 0.0001 |
GGT | 1.09 (1.08–1.10) | < 0.0001 | 1.13 (1.06–1.20) | 0.001 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1.00 |