Characteristic | Incident gout | P valuea | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes (n=6206) | No (n=410,275) | ||
Demographic factors | |||
 Age, mean (SD), year | 60.86 (6.74) | 56.56 (8.05) | <0.001 |
 Male, n (%) | 5243 (84.5) | 185,991 (45.3) | <0.001 |
 Education level, n (%) |  |  | <0.001 |
  College or University | 1453 (23.4) | 138,266 (33.7) |  |
  Upper secondary | 516 (8.3) | 48,187 (11.7) |  |
  Lower secondary | 1550 (25.0) | 111,725 (27.2) |  |
  Vocational | 647 (10.4) | 26,546 (6.5) |  |
  Other | 2040 (32.9) | 85,551 (20.9) |  |
 Socioeconomic status, n (%) |  | <0.001 | |
  High | 1175 (18.9) | 88,390 (21.5) |  |
  Middle | 3680 (59.3) | 250,837 (61.1) |  |
  Low | 1351 (21.8) | 71,048 (17.3) |  |
 Current employment, n (%) |  |  | 0.201 |
  Worked | 3603 (58.1) | 234,324 (57.1) |  |
  Retired | 1987 (32.0) | 136,580 (33.3) |  |
  Unemployed | 104 (1.7) | 6716 (1.6) |  |
  Other | 512 (8.3) | 32,655 (8.0) |  |
Lifestyle factors | |||
 Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||
  Excessive | 3144 (50.7) | 161,796 (39.4) | <0.001 |
  Never/moderate | 3062 (49.3) | 248,479 (60.6) |  |
 Smoking status, n (%) |  |  | <0.001 |
  Smoker | 3768 (60.7) | 186,502 (45.5) |  |
  Non-smoker | 2438 (39.3) | 223,773 (54.5) |  |
 Physical activity, n (%) | |||
  Inactive | 2986 (48) | 173,056 (42.2) | <0.001 |
  Active | 3220 (52.0) | 237,219 (57.8) |  |
 Diet, n (%)b |  |  | <0.001 |
  Unhealth | 3312 (53.3) | 160,991 (39.2) |  |
  Health | 2894 (46.7) | 249,284 (60.8) |  |
 Lifestyle indexc |  |  | <0.001 |
  Favorable | 1726 (27.8) | 184,978 (45.1) |  |
  Intermediate | 2145 (34.6) | 134,948 (32.9) |  |
  Unfavorable | 2335 (37.6) | 90,349 (22.0) |  |
 Body mass index, n (%) |  |  | <0.001 |
  ≥25 kg/m2 | 2952 (47.6) | 94,688 (23.1) |  |
  <25 kg/m2 | 3254 (52.4) | 315,587 (76.9) |  |
Cardiometabolic diseases | |||
 Cardiovascular diseased |  |  | <0.001 |
  No | 4269 (68.8) | 369,200 (90) |  |
  Yes | 1937 (31.2) | 41,075 (10.0) |  |
 Diabetes |  |  | <0.001 |
  No | 5383 (86.7) | 390,369 (95.1) |  |
  Yes | 823 (13.3) | 19,906 (4.9) |  |
 Hypertension |  |  | <0.001 |
  No | 2296 (37) | 253,941 (61.9) |  |
  Yes | 3910 (63.0) | 156,334 (38.1) |  |
Biomarkers | |||
 Urate (umol/L) | 416.73 (100.25) | 306.65 (78.10) | <0.001 |
 C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.76 (5.44) | 2.52 (4.14) | <0.001 |
 Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 87.85 (37.92) | 71.99 (16.27) | <0.001 |
 Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.34 (1.19) | 5.72 (1.11) | <0.001 |
 Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.36 (1.33) | 1.73 (0.98) | <0.001 |
Genetic riske | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Low | 1423 (22.9) | 143,437 (35.0) |  |
 Middle | 2165 (34.9) | 138,885 (33.9) |  |
 High | 2616 (42.2) | 127,953 (31.2) |  |