Fig. 3From: The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continentThe barriers to COVID-19 introduction into Africa and reporting of cases and deaths to the World Health Organization. It is possible that the transmission / protective barriers to SARS-CoV-2 introductions and the health system barriers (low COVID-19 testing and low reporting of cases and deaths) could have complemented each other to result in low COVID-19 incidence and mortality for Africa during the period 2020–2021Back to article page