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Fig. 3 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 3

From: The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent

Fig. 3

The barriers to COVID-19 introduction into Africa and reporting of cases and deaths to the World Health Organization. It is possible that the transmission / protective barriers to SARS-CoV-2 introductions and the health system barriers (low COVID-19 testing and low reporting of cases and deaths) could have complemented each other to result in low COVID-19 incidence and mortality for Africa during the period 2020–2021

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