Table 4 Changes in adiposity, biochemical, and dietary-related secondary outcomes at 6- and 16–18-month (dietary variables only) follow-up
Anthropometric measures | Number of clusters | Number of participants | Baseline Mean (SD) | Follow-up Mean (SD) | Mean change from baseline to follow-up (SD)a | SHIFT vs. control | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | SHIFT | Control | SHIFT | Control | SHIFT | Control | SHIFT | Control | SHIFT | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)a | p-value | |
Weight, kg | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 12 | 143 | 112 | 94.9 (17.5) | 96.9 (16.0) | 94.8 (17.4) | 95.5 (16.2) | − 0.1 (4.48) | − 1.4 (5.2) | − 1.2 (− 2.6, 0.1) | 0.078 |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 12 | 143 | 112 | 29.9 (5.2) | 30.7 (5.0) | 29.9 (5.1) | 30.3 (5.1) | − 0.0 (1.4) | − 0.4 (1.6) | − 0.4 (− 0.8, 0.1) | 0.086 |
% Body fat | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 10 | 141 | 96 | 26.3 (5.9) | 27.3 (5.9) | 26.4 (6.0) | 27.1 (5.8) | 0.1 (1.7) | − 0.2 (2.0) | − 0.2 (− 0.7, 0.3) | 0.435 |
Waist circumference, cm | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 11 | 143 | 103 | 103.7 (13.7) | 104.9 (12.7) | 103.8 (13.9) | 103.6 (12.7) | 0.1 (5.1) | − 1.3 (6.7) | − 1.1 (− 2.7, 0.5) | 0.195 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 10 | 139 | 89 | 36.8 (9.4) | 35.6 (10.3) | 37.1 (10.4) | 35.0 (9.0) | 0.2 (6.0) | − 0.6 (6.9) | − 1.9 (− 4.9, 1.2) | 0.229 |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 10 | 143 | 98 | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.1) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.04 (0.9) | − 0.08 (− 0.3, 0.2) | 0.530 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 10 | 143 | 98 | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.02 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.04 (− 0.02, 0.1) | 0.241 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 10 | 143 | 98 | 2.9 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.8 (0.9) | − 0.01 (0.9) | − 0.03 (0.8) | 0.0 (− 0.2, 0.2) | 0.973 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 10 | 143 | 98 | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.5 (1.0) | 4.4 (1.0) | 0.02 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.02 (− 0.2, 0.2) | 0.868 |
Fruit (grams/day) | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 12 | 147 | 124 | 100.8 (122.2) | 135.4 (158.1) | 123.9 (142.3) | 120.6 (153.6) | 23.1 (128.1) | − 14.8 (159.5) | − 20.6 (− 64.5, 23.3) | 0.359 |
 16–18 months | 12 | 10 | 112 | 102 | 92.2 (109.4) | 127.4 (152.7) | 89.6 (111.8) | 112.1 (148.0) | − 2.7 (105.3) | − 15.2 (162.8) | 7.4 (− 30.3, 45.2) | 0.700 |
Vegetables (grams/day) | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 12 | 147 | 124 | 110.5 (135.3) | 127.7 (165.8) | 106.1 (142.1) | 131.9 (184.6) | − 4.4 (167.3) | 4.1 (207.0) | 27.3 (− 24.8, 79.4) | 0.305 |
 16–18 months | 12 | 10 | 112 | 102 | 95.1 (98.1) | 127.3 (167.8) | 100.2 (145) | 90.0 (101.0) | 5.1 (148.5) | − 37.2 (157.4) | − 25.3 (− 68.5, 17.9) | 0.251 |
Dietary quality score b | ||||||||||||
 6 months | 13 | 12 | 147 | 124 | 11.1 (2.0) | 11.1 (2.1) | 11.4 (1.7) | 11.1 (2.0) | 0.3 (2.2) | − 0.01 (2.4) | − 0.2 (− 0.7, 0.2) | 0.241 |
 16–18 months | 12 | 11 | 112 | 102 | 11.1 (1.8) | 11.0 (2.0) | 11.3 (1.6) | 11.3 (1.8) | 0.1 (2.0) | 0.3 (2.3) | 0.07 (− 0.4, 0.5) | 0.778 |