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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants across the number of diseases in life course

From: Temporal trajectories of important diseases in the life course and premature mortality in the UK Biobank

 

Number of diseases in life course among individuals who died during follow-up

P valuea

0 (n=702)

1 (n=2406)

2 (n=4010)

3 (n=4934)

4 (n=4963)

5 (n=4545)

≥6 (n=9813)

Age (years)

60 (53–65)

61 (54–65)

62 (56–66)

62 (57–66)

63 (59–67)

64 (60–67)

64 (60–67)

<0.0001

Gender

<0.0001

 Female

213 (30.3)

1080 (44.9)

1833 (45.7)

2104 (42.6)

1903 (38.3)

1724 (37.9)

3718 (37.9)

 

 Male

489 (69.7)

1326 (55.1)

2177 (54.3)

2830 (57.4)

3060 (61.7)

2821 (62.1)

6095 (62.1)

 

Ethnicity

<0.0001

 Whites

676 (96.3)

2314 (96.2)

3900 (97.3)

4772 (96.7)

4782 (96.4)

4353 (95.8)

9285 (94.6)

 

 Non-whites

24 (3.4)

72 (3.0)

94 (2.3)

135 (2.7)

149 (3.0)

153 (3.4)

445 (4.5)

 

 Unknown

2 (0.3)

20 (0.8)

16 (0.4)

27 (0.5)

32 (0.6)

39 (0.9)

83 (0.8)

 

Education

<0.0001

 0–5 years

119 (17.0)

485 (20.2)

845 (21.1)

1216 (24.6)

1342 (27.0)

1420 (31.2)

3722 (37.9)

 

 6–12 years

338 (48.1)

1078 (44.8)

1889 (47.1)

2236 (45.3)

2262 (45.6)

2039 (44.9)

4141 (42.2)

 

 ≥13 years

233 (33.2)

770 (32.0)

1185 (29.6)

1359 (27.5)

1213 (24.4)

956 (21.0)

1630 (16.6)

 

 Missing

12 (1.7)

73 (3.0)

91 (2.3)

123 (2.5)

146 (2.9)

130 (2.9)

320 (3.3)

 

Household income (pounds)

<0.0001

 <18,000

147 (20.9)

553 (23.0)

992 (24.7)

1365 (27.7)

1545 (31.1)

1543 (33.9)

4045 (41.2)

 

 18,000–30,999

163 (23.2)

556 (23.1)

992 (24.7)

1164 (23.6)

1204 (24.3)

1115 (24.5)

2087 (21.3)

 

 31,000–51,999

158 (22.5)

476 (19.8)

761 (19.0)

861 (17.5)

826 (16.6)

663 (14.6)

1037 (10.6)

 

 52,000–100,000

107 (15.2)

311 (12.9)

498 (12.4)

541 (11.0)

427 (8.6)

311 (6.8)

438 (4.5)

 

 >100,000

33 (4.7)

109 (4.5)

110 (2.7)

126 (2.6)

95 (1.9)

60 (1.3)

82 (0.8)

 

 Unknown

23 (3.3)

103 (4.3)

191 (4.8)

250 (5.1)

263 (5.3)

261 (5.7)

752 (7.7)

 

 Not answered

71 (10.1)

298 (12.4)

466 (11.6)

627 (12.7)

603 (12.1)

592 (13.0)

1372 (14.0)

 

Physical activity (MET-minutes/week)

2651.9 (1050.0–3266.0)

2649.7 (1032.0 3146.0)

2532.5 (1004.0–2970.0)

2586.0 (988.5–2946.0)

2651.9 (975.0–2844.0)

2478.0 (826.5–2758.0)

2186.0 (693.0–2651.9)

<0.0001

Diet qualityb

<0.0001

 Low

292 (41.6)

1005 (41.8)

1702 (42.4)

2180 (44.2)

2189 (44.1)

2129 (46.8)

4905 (50.0)

 

 High

410 (58.4)

1401 (58.2)

2308 (57.6)

2754 (55.8)

2774 (55.9)

2416 (53.2)

4908 (50.0)

 

Alcohol consumption

<0.0001

 Never

21 (3.0)

87 (3.6)

153 (3.8)

220 (4.5)

207 (4.2)

210 (4.6)

644 (6.6)

 

 Previous

20 (2.8)

78 (3.2)

174 (4.3)

230 (4.7)

276 (5.6)

305 (6.7)

951 (9.7)

 

 Current

659 (93.9)

2234 (92.9)

3677 (91.7)

4464 (90.5)

4465 (90.0)

4003 (88.1)

8161 (83.2)

 

 Missing

2 (0.3)

7 (0.3)

6 (0.1)

20 (0.4)

15 (0.3)

27 (0.6)

57 (0.6)

 

Smoking

<0.0001

 Never

339 (48.3)

1197 (49.8)

1837 (45.8)

2091 (42.4)

1936 (39.0)

1617 (35.6)

2958 (30.1)

 

 Former

224 (31.9)

783 (32.5)

1486 (37.1)

1910 (38.7)

2082 (42.0)

2017 (44.4)

4554 (46.4)

 

 Current

135 (19.2)

411 (17.1)

666 (16.6)

890 (18.0)

910 (18.3)

866 (19.1)

2193 (22.3)

 

 Missing

4 (0.6)

15 (0.6)

21 (0.5)

43 (0.9)

35 (0.7)

45 (1.0)

108 (1.1)

 

Sleep duration (hours)

0.0385

 <7

170 (24.2)

545 (22.7)

949 (23.7)

1218 (24.7)

1249 (25.2)

1203 (26.5)

2859 (29.1)

 

 7–9

521 (74.2)

1792 (74.5)

2944 (73.4)

3519 (71.3)

3506 (70.6)

3106 (68.3)

6148 (62.7)

 

 >9

8 (1.1)

48 (2.0)

97 (2.4)

144 (2.9)

162 (3.3)

181 (4.0)

641 (6.5)

 

 Missing

3 (0.4)

21 (0.9)

20 (0.5)

53 (1.1)

46 (0.9)

55 (1.2)

165 (1.7)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

26.84±4.30

26.57±4.28

26.91±4.48

27.32±4.76

27.86±5.03

28.41±5.07

29.48±5.62

<0.0001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

6.01±1.02

5.85±1.06

5.81±1.09

5.70±1.14

5.51±1.19

5.37±1.21

5.13±1.23

<0.0001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.42±0.35

1.44±0.36

1.45±0.37

1.43±0.37

1.39±0.36

1.37±0.36

1.33±0.37

<0.0001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.83±0.78

3.69±0.79

3.65±0.82

3.57±0.86

3.44±0.89

3.33±0.90

3.14±0.90

<0.0001

Triglycerides

1.64 (1.13–2.18)

1.59 (1.09–2.09)

1.59 (1.11–2.11)

1.62 (1.12–2.12)

1.66 (1.16–2.20)

1.75 (1.21–2.29)

1.75 (1.25–2.37)

<0.0001

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

35.51±3.90

35.73±4.99

36.12±5.44

36.80±6.85

37.74±7.83

38.81±9.54

41.56±11.74

<0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

83.9±10.8

82.3±9.6

82.3±10.0

82.7±10.3

82.6±10.3

82.8±10.2

81.6±10.6

<0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

142.7±19.6

138.5±17.8

139.5±18.7

141.1±18.9

142.2±19.0

143.4±19.4

142.8±19.6

<0.0001

Genetic risk scorec

0.49 (0.45–0.53)

0.49 (0.46–0.53)

0.50 (0.46–0.53)

0.49 (0.46–0.53)

0.49 (0.45–0.53)

0.49 (0.46–0.53)

0.49 (0.45–0.53)

0.0435

Cause of mortality

<0.0001

 Cancer

103 (14.7)

1284 (53.4)

2367 (59.0)

2965 (60.1)

2875 (57.9)

2376 (52.3)

4267 (43.5)

 

 CVD

318 (45.3)

560 (23.3)

776 (19.4)

921 (18.7)

927 (18.7)

985 (21.7)

2215 (22.6)

 

 External reason

71 (10.1)

90 (3.7)

117 (2.9)

88 (1.8)

83 (1.7)

66 (1.5)

110 (1.1)

 

 Others

210 (29.9)

472 (19.6)

750 (18.7)

960 (19.5)

1078 (21.7)

1118 (24.6)

3221 (32.8)

 
  1. Data are means ± standard deviations, medians (interquartile range), or N (%). BMI Body mass index, CVD Cardiovascular disease, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MET Metabolic equivalent, SBP Systolic blood pressure
  2. aBaseline data were expressed as means ± standard deviations, medians (interquartile ranges), or frequency (percentage) according to the number of types of diseases. ANOVA analysis for normally distributed continuous variables, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for skewed continuous variables, and Chi-square test for categorical variables was used to examine the difference in baseline characteristics across the number of diseases in life-course.
  3. bDiet score was computed based on seven commonly eaten food groups following recommendations on dietary priorities for cardiometabolic health with higher score representing healthier diet. High diet quality was defined as diet score≥4.
  4. cThe genetic risk score (GRS) for longevity was compuated using 78 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
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BMC Medicine

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