Table 2 Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis for VE of COVID-19 against VOC

 All

29

0.120 (0.085–0.170)

98%

< 0.001

88.0 (83.0–91.5)

Any infection

17

0.106 (0.065–0.171)

99%

< 0.001

89.4 (82.9–93.5)

Symptomatic

18

0.091 (0.053–0.155)

98%

< 0.001

90.9 (84.5–94.7)

 Study design

RWE

24

0.107 (0.074–0.156)

98%

< 0.001

89.3 (84.4–92.6)

0.067

RCT

5

0.221 (0.120–0.407)

71%

< 0.001

77.9 (59.3–88.0)

 Participant

GP

24

0.125 (0.085–0.182)

98%

< 0.001

87.5 (81.8–91.5)

0.553

HCWs

4

0.087 (0.056–0.133)

0%

< 0.001

91.3 (86.7–94.4)

Older

1

0.100 (0.061–0.163)

–

< 0.001

90.0 (83.7–93.9)

 Vaccine type

mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273/CVnCoV)

20

0.099 (0.066–0.148)

98%

< 0.001

90.1 (85.2–93.4)

0.148

Non-replicating vector vaccine (ChAdOx1/Ad26.COV2.S)

6

0.261 (0.226–0.301)

0%

< 0.001

73.9 (69.9–77.4)

Protein subunit vaccine (NVX-CoV2373)

2

0.103 (0.050–0.212)

25%

< 0.001

89.7 (78.8–95.0)

Mixed (BNT162b2/ChAdOx1)

1

0.180 (0.047–0.688)

–

0.012

82.0 (31.2–95.3)

Not mRNA vaccines

9

0.234 (0.190–0.288)

28%

< 0.001

76.6 (71.2–81.0)

0.026^a

 All

GP

11

0.270 (0.205–0.357)

82%

< 0.001

73.0 (64.3–79.5)

Any infection

7

0.214 (0.169–0.272)

74%

< 0.001

78.6 (72.8–83.1)

0.044

Symptomatic

4

0.608 (0.411–0.899)

20%

0.013

39.2 (10.1–58.9)

 Study design

RWE

7

0.221 (0.178–0.274)

68%

< 0.001

77.9 (72.6–82.2)

0.032

RCT

4

0.544 (0.282–1.051)

65%

0.070

45.6 (-5.1–71.8)

 Vaccine type

mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273)

8

0.214 (0.170–0.270)

70%

< 0.001

78.6 (73.0–83.0)

0.057

Non-replicating vector vaccine (ChAdOx1/Ad26.COV2.S)

2

0.690 (0.477–1.000)

0%

0.050

31.0 (0.0–52.3)

Protein subunit vaccine (NVX-CoV2373)

1

0.489 (0.238–1.006)

–

0.052

51.1 (-0.6–76.2)

 All

10

0.370 (0.263–0.521)

78%

< 0.001

63.0 (47.9–73.7)

Any infection

3

0.438 (0.295–0.650)

0%

< 0.001

56.2 (35.0–70.5)

0.960

Symptomatic

7

0.363 (0.238–0.553)

85%

< 0.001

63.7 (44.7–76.2)

 Study design

RWE

6

0.340 (0.209–0.551)

86%

< 0.001

66.0 (44.9–79.1)

0.634

RCT

4

0.451 (0.269–0.757)

40%

0.003

54.9 (24.3–73.1)

 Participant

GP

5

0.287 (0.130–0.633)

78%

0.002

71.3 (36.7–87.0)

0.391

Older/LTCH

4

0.378 (0.228–0.628)

87%

< 0.001

62.2 (37.2–77.2)

HCWs

1

0.632 (0.258–1.549)

–

0.316

36.8 (-54.9–74.2)

 Vaccine type

mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273/CVnCoV)

4

0.285 (0.147–0.555)

68%

< 0.001

71.5 (44.5–85.3)

0.232

Non-replicating vector vaccine (ChAdOx1/Ad26.COV2.S)

3

0.373 (0.163–0.852)

91%

0.019

62.7 (14.8–83.7)

Inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac)

2

0.534 (0.465–0.614)

0%

< 0.001

46.6 (38.6–53.5)

Protein subunit vaccine (SCB-2019)

1

0.082 (0.005–1.361)

–

0.081

91.8 (-36.1–99.5)

 All

21

0.307 (0.238–0.396)

88%

< 0.001

69.3 (60.4–76.2)

 Vaccine type

mRNA vaccines

12

0.228 (0.182–0.287)

69%

< 0.001

77.2 (71.3–81.8)

0.006^a

Not mRNA vaccines

9

0.492 (0.360–0.674)

75%

< 0.001

50.8 (32.6–64.0)

 All

47

0.222 (0.180–0.273)

99%

< 0.001

77.8 (72.7–82.0)

Any infection

28

0.254 (0.215–0.300)

95%

< 0.001

74.6 (70.0–78.5)

Symptomatic

24

0.208 (0.154–0.281)

99%

< 0.001

79.2 (71.9–84.6)

 Participant

GP

35

0.245 (0.193–0.312)

99%

< 0.001

75.5 (68.8–80.7)

HCWs

5

0.236 (0.112–0.497)

93%

< 0.001

76.4 (50.3–88.8)

Older

5

0.403 (0.296–0.550)

98%

< 0.001

59.7 (45.0–70.4)

Adolescents

7

0.112 (0.076–0.165)

92%

< 0.001

88.8 (83.5–92.4)

 Study design

REW

44

0.214 (0.173–0.266)

99%

< 0.001

78.6 (73.4–82.7)

0.168

RCT

3

0.407 (0.176–0.940)

70%

< 0.001

59.3 (6.0–82.4)

 Vaccine type

mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273)

28

0.166 (0.134–0.204)

99%

< 0.001

83.4 (79.6–86.6)

< 0.001

Non-replicating vector vaccine (ChAdOx1/Ad26.COV2.S)

12

0.350 (0.276–0.445)

98%

< 0.001

65.0 (55.5–72.4)

Inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac/HB02/CNBG/BBV152/BBIBP-CorV)

6

0.433 (0.358–0.523)

0%

< 0.001

56.7 (47.7–64.2)

Protein subunit vaccine (SCB-2019)

1

0.213 (0.101–0.449)

–

< 0.001

78.7 (55.1–89.9)

Not mRNA vaccines

19

0.368 (0.303–0.448)

97%

< 0.001

63.2 (55.2–69.7)

< 0.001^a

 All

6

0.045 (0.035–0.058)

95%

< 0.001

95.5 (94.2–96.5)

 All

3

0.441 (0.330–0.591)

90%

< 0.001

55.9 (40.9–67.0)

 All

2

0.192 (0.089–0.414)

99%

< 0.001

80.8 (58.6–91.1)