Table 2 Overview of diet-microbiome associations in the present study

Genus

Dietary factors^a

Associations with diet and health

References

[Eubacterium] ruminantium group

Long-term animal oil intake ( −)

SCFA-producing bacteria; decrease with an increasing protein/fat in diet; negative association with IL-2 and C-reactive protein

[48]

[Eubacterium] xylanophilum group

Long-term uPDI ( −)

SCFA-producing bacteria; inverse association with liver total triglycerides; lower in women who developed gestational diabetes

[48,49,50]

Blautia

Short-term hPDI ( +)

SCFA-producing bacteria; increased after high-fiber diet; linked with healthier eating behavior; negative association with visceral fat, Hb1Ac and inflammation

[41, 44, 45]

Catenisphaera

Short-term PDI ( −)

Increase with high-fat diet; decrease with flavonoids intake; enriched in acute coronary syndrome patients; potentially contribute to the inflammation; associated with host lipid metabolism

[51,52,53]

Dorea

Short-term hPDI ( −)

SCFA-producing bacteria; correlated with vegetal protein; higher in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

[54, 55]

Enterococcaceae spp.

Long-term nuts intake ( −)

No related information found

Exiguobacterium

Long-term uPDI ( +)

Long-term legumes ( −)

Involved in the starch hydrolysis

[56]

F0332

Long-term uPDI ( +)

Enriched in children with dental caries; increased abundance in bacterial infection and asthma

[57,58,59]

Paraeggerthella

Long-term animal oil intake ( −)

Involved in ellagic acid metabolism and help produce anti-inflammatory metabolite isolecithine-A

[60, 61]

Peptostreptococcus

Long-term PDI ( −)

Involved in tryptophan metabolism; linked with inflammation

Polynucleobacter

Short-term hPDI ( +)

Short-term uPDI ( −)

SCFA-producing bacteria; potentially make up for disorders in glycogenolysis; enriched in healthy athletes

[43, 46, 47]

Ruminococcaceae UCG − 009

Short-term hPDI ( +)

SCFA-producing bacteria; involved in amino acid metabolism

Terrisporobacter

Long-term refined grains intake ( +)

Opportunistic pathogen; could degrade carbon sources (e.g., glucose, cellobiose, and xylose)

[62, 63]

ZOR0006

Short-term uPDI ( +)

Enriched in the fish fed in the paddy field

[64]