Fig. 1

Manhattan plot for the discovery lacunar stroke PWAS integrating the lacunar stroke GWAS (N = 7338) with the discovery ROS/MAP proteomes (N = 376). Each point represents a single association test between a gene and lacunar stroke ordered by genomic position on the x axis and the association strength on the y axis as the −log₁₀(P) of a z-score test. The discovery PWAS identified 7 genes whose cis-regulated brain protein abundance was associated with lacunar stroke at an FDR of P < 0.05. The red horizontal line reflects the significant threshold of the FDR P < 0.05 and is set at the highest unadjusted P value that is below that threshold (P = 2.2 × 10⁻⁴)