| N | Cohort (n = 999) | No BWF (n = 917) | BWF (n = 82) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
 Age, years | 996 | 1.67 (1.06) | 1.64 (1.06) | 1.92 (1.05) | 0.022 |
 Male sex, n (%) | 989 | 550 (55.6) | 499 (54.8) | 51 (64.6) | 0.095 |
 Weight, kg | 995 | 9.8 (3.1) | 9.8 (3.2) | 10.7 (2.5) | 0.009 |
 Length, cm | 979 | 74.1 (11.6) | 73.9 (11.7) | 77.1 (10.8) | 0.015 |
Infection status | |||||
 RDT result, n (%) | |||||
  Negative | 999 | 280 (28.0) | 264 (28.8) | 16 (19.5) | 0.053 |
  HRP-2 alone |  | 143 (14.3) | 123 (13.4) | 20 (24.4) | |
  HRP-2/LDH positive |  | 534 (53.5) | 492 (53.7) | 42 (51.2) | |
  pLDH alone |  | 9 (0.9) | 8 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | |
  Missing |  | 33 (3.3) | 30 (3.3) | 3 (3.7) | |
 HIV, n (%) | 998 | 21 (2.1) | 20 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | 1.000 |
Medication history | |||||
 Antimalarial, n (%) | 989 | 458 (46.4) | 422 (46.6) | 36 (43.9) | 0.642 |
 Antibiotic, n (%) | 987 | 337 (34.2) | 308 (34.1) | 29 (35.4) | 0.813 |
Clinical signs and symptoms | |||||
 Axillary temperature in °C | 986 | 37.9 (1.2) | 37.9 (1.2) | 37.5 (1.2) | 0.003 |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 962 | 105 (16) | 105 (16) | 108 (14) | 0.055 |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 960 | 58 (13) | 58 (13) | 57 (13) | 0.198 |
 Heart rate, bpm | 989 | 160 (25) | 160 (25) | 158 (24) | 0.535 |
 Respiratory rate, bpm | 959 | 45 (15) | 45 (14) | 47 (15) | 0.258 |
 Capillary refill time > 2 s, n (%) | 972 | 133 (13.7) | 111 (12.4) | 22 (28.6) |  < 0.0001 |
 Unable to drink or breastfeed, n (%) | 993 | 189 (19.0) | 158 (17.3) | 31 (37.8) |  < 0.0001 |
 Vomiting, n (%) | 995 | 306 (30.8) | 267 (29.2) | 39 (48.2) |  < 0.0001 |
 Diarrhea, n (%) | 996 | 299 (30.0) | 271 (29.7) | 28 (34.2) | 0.395 |
 Respiratory distressa, n (%) | 999 | 316 (31.6) | 280 (30.5) | 36 (43.9) | 0.013 |
 Prostration, n (%) | 996 | 227 (22.8) | 192 (21.0) | 35 (42.7) |  < 0.0001 |
 Altered consciousness, n (%) | 993 | 138 (13.9) | 115 (12.6) | 23 (28.1) |  < 0.0001 |
 Convulsions, n (%) | 998 | 176 (17.6) | 159 (17.4) | 17 (20.7) | 0.443 |
 Severe anemia (Hb < 5.0 g/dL), n (%) | |||||
  No | 999 | 187 (18.7) | 181 (19.7) | 6 (7.3) |  < 0.0001 |
  Yes |  | 207 (20.7) | 167 (18.2) | 40 (48.8) | |
  Missing |  | 605 (60.6) | 569 (62.1) | 36 (43.9) | |
 Jaundice, n (%) | 998 | 110 (11.0) | 74 (8.1) | 36 (43.9) |  < 0.0001 |
Disease severity | |||||
 LODSb, n (%) | |||||
  0 | 997 | 635 (63.7) | 598 (65.3) | 37 (45.7) |  < 0.0001 |
  1 |  | 187 (18.8) | 169 (18.5) | 18 (22.2) | |
  2 |  | 110 (11.0) | 101 (11.0) | 9 (11.1) | |
  3 |  | 65 (6.5) | 48 (5.2) | 17 (21.0) |