Fig. 1

Survival curves for the cumulative incidence rate of all-cause mortality to 30 days. Model 1 was unadjusted; model 2 was adjusted for age only; model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, education, hospital levels, BMI, family history of CAD, prior history of stroke, prior history of COPD, and pre-admission aspirin; model 4 was further adjusting for presenting characteristics including onset-to-arrival time, pre-admission cardiac arrest, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine, Killip class, and anterior myocardial infarction; model 5 was further adjusted for in-hospital medical treatment including reperfusion strategies and evidence-based medications (aspirin, P2Y12-receptor inhibitor, statin, ACEI/ARB, and β-blocker). SMuRF, standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factor; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker