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Fig. 2 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Severe inflammation in new-borns induces long-term cognitive impairment by activation of IL-1β/KCC2 signaling during early development

Fig. 2

Neonatal severe inflammation induces sustained elevation of IL-1β in the rat hippocampus. (A) Schematic illustrating the chronological order used for the proinflammatory cytokine test after neonatal inflammation. Fourteen litters were used in this cohort of experiment. (B, D, F) ELISA results showing the protein levels of TNF (B), IL-6 (D), and IL-1β (F) in peripheral blood serum at 2 h (n = 6), 4 h (n = 6), 6 h (n = 6), and 24 h (n = 6). (C, E, G) PCR results showing the mRNA levels of hippocampal TNF (C) and IL-6 (E) at 6 h after LPS injection (n = 6), P5 (n = 6), P7 (n = 6), and P14 (n = 6), and IL-1β after LPS injection (G) at 6 h (n = 6), P5 (n = 6), P7 (n = 6), P14 (n = 6), and P30 (n = 6). LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, NS: Normal saline, Panels B, C, D, E, F, and G were compared by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test; ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001, n.s.: no significance; Error bars indicate SD

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