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Fig. 3 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 3

From: Severe inflammation in new-borns induces long-term cognitive impairment by activation of IL-1β/KCC2 signaling during early development

Fig. 3

Sustained elevation of hippocampal IL-1β levels contributes to long-term cognitive impairment after neonatal severe inflammation. (A) Schematic illustrating the chronological order used for siRNA delivery, LPS administration and cognitive testing. Eight litters were used in this cohort of experiment. (B) PCR results showing the knockdown efficiency of IL-1β-siRNA (n = 6). (C) Learning curve for the escape latency. (D) Time spent in the target quadrant (n = 15–24). (E) Distance spent in the target quadrant (n = 15–24). (F) Number of platform crossings (n = 15–24). (G) Mean velocity during the spatial probe test (n = 15–24). (H) The freezing time of rats in FC training. (I) The freezing time of rats in the context FC test (n = 15–24). (J) The freezing time of rats in the cued FC test (n = 15–24). LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NS: normal saline; MWM: Morris water maze; FC: fear conditioning; Panel B was compared by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test; Panels C and H were compared by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test; Panels D, E, F, G, I, and J were compared by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by a Tukey post hoc test; ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001, n.s.: no significance; Error bars indicate SD

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